📄 power_wind_ig.html
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<!DOCTYPE doctype PUBLIC "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en"><html><head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0"> <title>power_wind_ig demo</title> <!-- $Revision: 1.1.8.1 $ --> <link rel="STYLESHEET" href="psb2machines.css"></head> <body bgcolor="#ffffff"> <div class="Body" style="width: 727; height: 26"><font color="#990000"><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size="+1">Operationof Induction Generators (IG) Driven by Variable-Pitch Wind Turbines</font></font></b></font></div><p> By Richard Gagnon (Hydro-Quebec)</p> <div class="Body">A wind farm consisting of six 1.5-MW wind turbines is connectedto a 25-kV distribution system exports power to a 120-kV grid through a 25-km25-kV feeder. The 9-MW wind farm is simulated by three pairs of 1.5MW wind-turbines. Wind turbines use squirrel-cage induction generators(IG). The stator winding is connected directly to the 60 Hz grid and therotor is driven by a variable-pitch wind turbine. The pitch angle is controlledin order to limit the generator output power at its nominal value for windsexceeding the nominal speed (9 m/s). In order to generate power theIG speed must be slightly above the synchronous speed. Speed varies approximatelybetween 1 pu at no load and 1.005 pu at full load. Each wind turbine hasa protection system monitoring voltage, current and machine speed. <br><br>Reactive power absorbed by the IGs is partly compensated by capacitorbanks connected at each wind turbine low voltage bus (400 kvar for each pairof 1.5 MW turbine). The rest of reactive power required to maintain the 25-kVvoltage at bus B25 close to 1 pu is provided by a 3-Mvar STATCOM with a 3%droop setting.<br><br>Open the "Wind Farm" block and look at "Wind Turbine 1". Open the turbinemenu and look at the two sets of parameters specified for the turbineand the generator. Each wind turbine block represents two 1.5 MW turbines.Open the turbine menu, select "Turbine data" and check "Display wind-turbinepower characteristics". The turbine mechanical power as function ofturbine speed is displayed for wind speeds ranging from 4 m/s to 10 m/s.The nominal wind speed yielding the nominal mechanical power (1pu=3MW) is 9 m/s. The wind turbine model (from the DR library) and thestatcom model (from the FACTS library) are phasor models that allow transientstability type studies with long simulation times. In this demo, the systemis observed during 20 s.<br><br>The wind speed applied to each turbine is controlled by the "Wind 1"to "Wind 3" blocks . Initially, wind speed is set at 8 m/s, then startingat t=2s for "Wind turbine 1", wind speed is rammed to 11 m/s in 3 seconds.The same gust of wind is applied to Turbine 2 and Turbine 3, respectivelywith 2 seconds and 4 seconds delays. Then, at t=15 s a temporary fault isapplied at the low voltage terminals (575 V) of "Wind Turbine 2". <p> </div> <div class="Body"><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">Demonstration<br><br> Turbine response to a change in wind speed</font></font></b></div><div class="Body"><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099"><br> </font></font></b>Start simulation and observe the signals on the "WindTurbines" scope monitoring active and reactive power, generator speed, windspeed and pitch angle for each turbine. For each pair of turbine the generatedactive power starts increasing smoothly (together with the wind speed) toreach its rated value of 3 MW in approximately 8s. Over that time framethe turbine speed will have increased from 1.0028 pu to 1.0047 pu. Initially,the pitch angle of the turbine blades is zero degree. When the outputpower exceed 3 MW, the pitch angle is increased from 0 deg to 8 deg in orderto bring output power back to its nominal value. Observe that the absorbedreactive power increases as the generated active power increases. At nominalpower, each pair of wind turbine absorbs 1.47 Mvar. For a 11m/s wind speed,the total exported power measured at the B25 bus is 9 MW and the statcommaintains voltage at 0.984 pu by generating 1.62 Mvar (see "B25 Bus" and"Statcom" scopes).</div> <p class="Body"><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">Operationof protection system</font></font></b> </p> <p class="Body">At t=15 s, a phase to phase fault is applied at wind turbine2 terminals, causing the turbine to trip at t=15.11 s. If you look insidethe "Wind Turbine Protections" block you will see that the trip has beeninitiated by the AC Undervoltage protection. After turbine 2 has tripped,turbines 1 and 3 continue to generate 3 MW each. </p> <p class="Body"><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font color="#000099">Impactof STATCOM</font></font></b> </p>You will now observe the impact of the "STATCOM". First, open the "Fault"block menu and disable the phase to phase fault. Then put the "STATCOM" outof service by double clicking the "Manual Switch" block connected tothe "Trip" input of the "STATCOM". Restart simulation. Observe on " B25 Bus"scope that because of the lack of reactive power support, the voltage atbus "B25" now drops to 0.91pu. This low voltage condition results in an overloadof the IG of "Wind Turbine 1". "Wind Turbine 1" is tripped at t=13.43 s.If you look inside the "Wind Turbine Protections" block you will see thatthe trip has been initiated by the AC Overcurrent protection.</body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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