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📁 用Visuanl C++开发的遗传算法程序
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<TABLE BORDER=0><TR><TD width=500><P><A HREF=http://mae.ce.uiuc.edu><IMG SRC=MidAmerica.jpg border=0 width=250></P></A></TD>

<TD width=500><P ALIGN=RIGHT VALIGN=TOP><H3><BR>Hazards Evaluation Program<BR>
Projects GT-1 & GT-9</P></H3></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<H1><CENTER>Ground Motion Amplification of Soils in the Upper Mississippi Embayment</H1></CENTER></A>

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<P><I>Principal Investigator:</I>
   <UL> <A HREF=http://www.ce.gatech.edu/~grix>Glenn J. Rix</A><BR>
        Associate Professor<BR>
        School of Civil and Environmental Engineering<BR>
        Georgia Institute of Technology<BR>
        Atlanta, GA  30332-0355<BR>
        <A HREF=mailto:glenn.rix@ce.gatech.edu>glenn.rix@ce.gatech.edu</A></UL></P>

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<P><I>Graduate Research Assistant:</I>
   <UL> <A HREF=http://www.ce.gatech.edu/~sromero>Salome Romero</A><BR>
        Research Engineer I<BR>
        School of Civil and Environmental Engineering<BR>
        Georgia Institute of Technology<BR>
        Atlanta, GA  3033200355<BR>
        <A HREF=mailto:salome.romero@ce.gatech.edu>salome.romero@ce.gatech.edu</A></UL></P>
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<TD><A HREF=GT1_GT9.pdf><IMG SRC=Image30.gif width=50 border=0></A></TD>
<TD><BR><BR><A HREF=GT1_GT9.pdf>View Full Report (PDF file, 22 MB)</A><BR>
<BR>(Click <A HREF=http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/acrobat/readstep.html>here</A> to download Adobe Acrobat Reader)</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<H2>Summary</H2>

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<P>The 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes affected a large area in the Central United States. &nbsp The seismic hazard is low since large-magnitude earthquakes such as these are infrequent (<A HREF=#Figure1>Figure 1</A>). &nbsp However, the seismic risk is considerable due to the geology and the older building stock. &nbsp The strong ground motions observed during the 1811-1812 earthquakes are attributed to the soft deposits and the deep soil column encountered in the Mississippi Embayment (<A HREF=#Figure2>Figure 2</A>). &nbsp This study evaluated the effect of embayment deposits on dynamic site response. &nbsp <A HREF=remsens.html>Remote sensing imagery</A> was evaluated to identify soils susceptible to ground motion amplification. &nbsp <A HREF=profiles1.html>Regional and local shear wave velocity profiles</A> were developed to model conditions at soil sites based on the age of near-surface geologic deposits. </P>

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<P><CENTER><A NAME="Figure1"><img SRC="seism.gif"><BR>
<B>Figure 1</A></B> Recorded seismic activity in Mid America (1975-2000).</CENTER></P>

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<P><CENTER><A NAME="Figure2"><IMG SRC="embay.gif"><BR><BR>
<B>Figure 2</A></B> Extent of Mississippi Embayment.</CENTER></P>
<BR>

<P>A parametric study was conducted to assess the effect of several geotechnical and seismological factors on site response. &nbsp A <A HREF=Rock_mot.html>stochastic approach</A> using band-limited white noise (BLWN) was used to model rock motions at the base of the soil column. &nbsp Peak parameters were calculated using random vibration theory (RVT). &nbsp Shear wave velocity profiles and dynamic soil properties were randomized to account for uncertainty. &nbsp Based on one-dimensional <A HREF=response.html>site response</A> analyses, the key factors affecting Fourier amplitude and response spectra are the age of geologic deposits, the depth of the soil column, and the effect of nonlinear soil behavior. </P>

<P> <A HREF=response.html>Amplification spectra</A> compare the response of a soil site relative to a rock site. &nbsp Ground motions for periods longer than 0.5 second may be more than twice that observed at rock sites due to amplification from low-velocity deposits and resonances from the large impedance contrast at the base of the embayment. &nbsp Published amplification factors do not account for the amplification at long periods. &nbsp At shorter periods, damping controls site response and deamplifies ground motions. </P>

<P>The results of this study were also compared with published <A HREF=Attenuation.html>attenuation relationships</A> developed for the Central United States. &nbsp The attenuation relationships overestimate ground motions at short hypocentral distances due to nonlinear soil behavior. &nbsp However, at large distances, attenuation relationships may underestimate ground motions since amplification from low-velocity deposits and resonances within the soil column control site response.</P>

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<H2>Contents</H2>

	<H3><UL><LI>Summary</H3></UL></LI>

	<UL><A HREF=remsens.html><LI>Site Classification Using Remote Sensing Imagery</A></LI></UL>
	<UL><A HREF=profiles1.html><LI>Development of Reference Shear Wave Velocity 
            Profiles</A></LI></UL>
	<UL><A HREF=Rock_mot.html><LI>Stochastic Approach for Modeling Rock Motions</A></LI></UL>
	<UL><A HREF=response.html><LI>Site Response Analyses</A></LI></UL>
        <UL><A HREF=attenuation.html><LI>Attenuation Relationships</A></LI></UL>
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<FONT SIZE=2><I>Updated by S. Romero, &nbsp May 23, 2001</I><BR><BR>

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