📄 c++string类常用函数_hello123.htm
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<DIV class=tit>C++string类常用函数</DIV>
<DIV class=date>2006-08-28 22:35</DIV>
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<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string类的构造函数:<BR>string(const char
*s); //用c字符串s初始化<BR>string(int n,char
c);
//用n个字符c初始化<BR>此外,string类还支持默认构造函数和复制构造函数,如string s1;string
s2="hello";都是正确的写法。当构造的string太长而无法表达时会抛出length_error异常 </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string类的字符操作:<BR>const char &operator[](int
n)const;<BR>const char &at(int n)const;<BR>char &operator[](int
n);<BR>char &at(int
n);<BR>operator[]和at()均返回当前字符串中第n个字符的位置,但at函数提供范围检查,当越界时会抛出out_of_range异常,下标运算符[]不提供检查访问。<BR>const
char *data()const;//返回一个非null终止的c字符数组<BR>const char
*c_str()const;//返回一个以null终止的c字符串<BR>int copy(char *s, int n, int pos = 0)
const;//把当前串中以pos开始的n个字符拷贝到以s为起始位置的字符数组中,返回实际拷贝的数目 </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string的特性描述:<BR>int
capacity()const;
//返回当前容量(即string中不必增加内存即可存放的元素个数)<BR>int
max_size()const; //返回string对象中可存放的最大字符串的长度<BR>int
size()const; //返回当前字符串的大小<BR>int
length()const; //返回当前字符串的长度<BR>bool
empty()const;
//当前字符串是否为空<BR>void resize(int len,char c);//把字符串当前大小置为len,并用字符c填充不足的部分
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT
color=#0000ff>string类的输入输出操作:<BR>string类重载运算符operator>>用于输入,同样重载运算符operator<<用于输出操作。<BR>函数getline(istream
&in,string &s);用于从输入流in中读取字符串到s中,以换行符'\n'分开。<BR> </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string的赋值:<BR>string &operator=(const string
&s);//把字符串s赋给当前字符串<BR>string &assign(const char
*s);//用c类型字符串s赋值<BR>string &assign(const char *s,int
n);//用c字符串s开始的n个字符赋值<BR>string &assign(const string
&s);//把字符串s赋给当前字符串<BR>string &assign(int n,char
c);//用n个字符c赋值给当前字符串<BR>string &assign(const string &s,int
start,int n);//把字符串s中从start开始的n个字符赋给当前字符串<BR>string
&assign(const_iterator first,const_itertor
last);//把first和last迭代器之间的部分赋给字符串<BR> </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string的连接:<BR>string &operator+=(const string
&s);//把字符串s连接到当前字符串的结尾 <BR>string &append(const char
*s);
//把c类型字符串s连接到当前字符串结尾<BR>string &append(const char *s,int
n);//把c类型字符串s的前n个字符连接到当前字符串结尾<BR>string &append(const string
&s); //同operator+=()<BR>string &append(const
string &s,int pos,int n);//把字符串s中从pos开始的n个字符连接到当前字符串的结尾<BR>string
&append(int n,char c);
//在当前字符串结尾添加n个字符c<BR>string &append(const_iterator
first,const_iterator last);//把迭代器first和last之间的部分连接到当前字符串的结尾 <BR>
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string的比较:<BR>bool operator==(const string
&s1,const string
&s2)const;//比较两个字符串是否相等<BR>运算符">","<",">=","<=","!="均被重载用于字符串的比较;<BR>int
compare(const string &s) const;//比较当前字符串和s的大小<BR>int compare(int pos,
int n,const string &s)const;//比较当前字符串从pos开始的n个字符组成的字符串与s的大小<BR>int
compare(int pos, int n,const string &s,int pos2,int
n2)const;//比较当前字符串从pos开始的n个字符组成的字符串与s中pos2开始的n2个字符组成的字符串的大小<BR>int
compare(const char *s) const;<BR>int compare(int pos, int n,const char *s)
const;<BR>int compare(int pos, int n,const char *s, int pos2)
const;<BR>compare函数在>时返回1,<时返回-1,==时返回0 </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string的子串:<BR>string substr(int pos = 0,int n =
npos) const;//返回pos开始的n个字符组成的字符串 </FONT></P>
<P><BR><FONT color=#0000ff>string的交换:<BR>void swap(string
&s2); //交换当前字符串与s2的值 </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff> </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string类的查找函数: </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int find(char c, int pos = 0)
const;//从pos开始查找字符c在当前字符串的位置<BR>int find(const char *s, int pos = 0)
const;//从pos开始查找字符串s在当前串中的位置<BR>int find(const char *s, int pos, int n)
const;//从pos开始查找字符串s中前n个字符在当前串中的位置<BR>int find(const string &s, int
pos = 0) const;//从pos开始查找字符串s在当前串中的位置<BR>//查找成功时返回所在位置,失败返回string::npos的值
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int rfind(char c, int pos = npos)
const;//从pos开始从后向前查找字符c在当前串中的位置<BR>int rfind(const char *s, int pos =
npos) const;<BR>int rfind(const char *s, int pos, int n = npos)
const;<BR>int rfind(const string &s,int pos = npos)
const;<BR>//从pos开始从后向前查找字符串s中前n个字符组成的字符串在当前串中的位置,成功返回所在位置,失败时返回string::npos的值
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int find_first_of(char c, int pos = 0)
const;//从pos开始查找字符c第一次出现的位置<BR>int find_first_of(const char *s, int pos =
0) const;<BR>int find_first_of(const char *s, int pos, int n)
const;<BR>int find_first_of(const string &s,int pos = 0)
const;<BR>//从pos开始查找当前串中第一个在s的前n个字符组成的数组里的字符的位置。查找失败返回string::npos
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int find_first_not_of(char c, int pos = 0)
const;<BR>int find_first_not_of(const char *s, int pos = 0) const;<BR>int
find_first_not_of(const char *s, int pos,int n) const;<BR>int
find_first_not_of(const string &s,int pos = 0)
const;<BR>//从当前串中查找第一个不在串s中的字符出现的位置,失败返回string::npos </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int find_last_of(char c, int pos = npos)
const;<BR>int find_last_of(const char *s, int pos = npos) const;<BR>int
find_last_of(const char *s, int pos, int n = npos) const;<BR>int
find_last_of(const string &s,int pos = npos) const; </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>int find_last_not_of(char c, int pos = npos)
const;<BR>int find_last_not_of(const char *s, int pos = npos)
const;<BR>int find_last_not_of(const char *s, int pos, int n)
const;<BR>int find_last_not_of(const string &s,int pos = npos)
const;<BR>//find_last_of和find_last_not_of与find_first_of和find_first_not_of相似,只不过是从后向前查找
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff> </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string类的替换函数: </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string &replace(int p0, int n0,const char
*s);//删除从p0开始的n0个字符,然后在p0处插入串s<BR>string &replace(int p0, int n0,const
char *s, int n);//删除p0开始的n0个字符,然后在p0处插入字符串s的前n个字符<BR>string
&replace(int p0, int n0,const string
&s);//删除从p0开始的n0个字符,然后在p0处插入串s<BR>string &replace(int p0, int
n0,const string &s, int pos, int
n);//删除p0开始的n0个字符,然后在p0处插入串s中从pos开始的n个字符<BR>string &replace(int p0,
int n0,int n, char c);//删除p0开始的n0个字符,然后在p0处插入n个字符c<BR>string
&replace(iterator first0, iterator last0,const char
*s);//把[first0,last0)之间的部分替换为字符串s<BR>string &replace(iterator first0,
iterator last0,const char *s, int
n);//把[first0,last0)之间的部分替换为s的前n个字符<BR>string &replace(iterator
first0, iterator last0,const string
&s);//把[first0,last0)之间的部分替换为串s<BR>string &replace(iterator
first0, iterator last0,int n, char
c);//把[first0,last0)之间的部分替换为n个字符c<BR>string &replace(iterator first0,
iterator last0,const_iterator first, const_iterator
last);//把[first0,last0)之间的部分替换成[first,last)之间的字符串 </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string类的插入函数: </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string &insert(int p0, const char
*s);<BR>string &insert(int p0, const char *s, int n);<BR>string
&insert(int p0,const string &s);<BR>string &insert(int
p0,const string &s, int pos, int
n);<BR>//前4个函数在p0位置插入字符串s中pos开始的前n个字符<BR>string &insert(int p0, int n,
char c);//此函数在p0处插入n个字符c<BR>iterator insert(iterator it, char
c);//在it处插入字符c,返回插入后迭代器的位置<BR>void insert(iterator it, const_iterator
first, const_iterator last);//在it处插入[first,last)之间的字符<BR>void
insert(iterator it, int n, char c);//在it处插入n个字符c<BR> </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string类的删除函数 </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>iterator erase(iterator first, iterator
last);//删除[first,last)之间的所有字符,返回删除后迭代器的位置<BR>iterator erase(iterator
it);//删除it指向的字符,返回删除后迭代器的位置<BR>string &erase(int pos = 0, int n =
npos);//删除pos开始的n个字符,返回修改后的字符串 </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff> </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>string类的迭代器处理: </FONT></P>
<P><FONT
color=#0000ff>string类提供了向前和向后遍历的迭代器iterator,迭代器提供了访问各个字符的语法,类似于指针操作,迭代器不检查范围。<BR>用string::iterator或string::const_iterator声明迭代器变量,const_iterator不允许改变迭代的内容。常用迭代器函数有:<BR>const_iterator
begin()const;<BR>iterator
begin();
//返回string的起始位置<BR>const_iterator end()const;<BR>iterator
end();
//返回string的最后一个字符后面的位置<BR>const_iterator rbegin()const;<BR>iterator
rbegin();
//返回string的最后一个字符的位置<BR>const_iterator rend()const;<BR>iterator
rend();
//返回string第一个字符位置的前面<BR>rbegin和rend用于从后向前的迭代访问,通过设置迭代器string::reverse_iterator,string::const_reverse_iterator实现
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff> </FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>字符串流处理: </FONT></P>
<P><FONT
color=#0000ff>通过定义ostringstream和istringstream变量实现,<sstream>头文件中<BR>例如:<BR>
string input("hello,this is a test");<BR> istringstream
is(input);<BR> string s1,s2,s3,s4;<BR>
is>>s1>>s2>>s3>>s4;//s1="hello,this",s2="is",s3="a",s4="test"<BR>
ostringstream os;<BR>
os<<s1<<s2<<s3<<s4;<BR>
cout<<os.str(); </FONT></P>
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