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<H2><A NAME="s9">9. 分享 Windows 印表机给 Linux 机器</A></H2>

<P>为了分享 Windows 机器上的印表机, 你必须做以下步骤:
<P>a) 你必须在 /etc/printcap 内有适当的记录,而且他们必须与当地目录结构 (像 spool 目录等) 相符合.
<P>b) 你必须有 script 档 /usr/bin/smbprint. 这会随附在 Samba source, 但不是随附於所有 Samba binary 发行套件. 一个稍微修改版本在以下讨论.
<P>c) 如果你想要转换 ASCII 档到 Postscript,你必须有netscript,或与其等效的. netscipt 是一种 Postscript 转换器而且一般是安装在 /usr/bin.
<P>d) 你可以希望藉由有易於使用的 frond end 来使 Samba 列印更容易. 一种用於处理 ASCII, Postscript 或建立 Postscript 的简单 perl script 在下面给定. 
<P>以下 /etc/printcap 项目用在 Windows NT 主机上 HP 5MP 印表机. 这些项目如下:
<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
        cm - comment
             {说明}
        lp - device name to open for output
             {为了输出,而要开启的设备名称}
        sd - the printer's spool directory (on the local machine)
             {印表机的 spool 目录 (在当地的机器上)}
        af - the accounting file
             {帐号档案}
        mx - the maximum file size (zero is unlimited)
             {最大档案大小 (零表示没限制)}
        if - name of the input filter (script)
             {输入过滤之名称 (script)}
</PRE>
<HR>
<P>要取得更多资讯,请看 Printing HOWTO 或者关於 printcap 的 man page.
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<HR>
<PRE>
# /etc/printcap
#
# //zimmerman/oreilly via smbprint
#
lp:\
        :cm=HP 5MP Postscript OReilly on zimmerman:\
        :lp=/dev/lp1:\
        :sd=/var/spool/lpd/lp:\
        :af=/var/spool/lpd/lp/acct:\
        :mx#0:\
        :if=/usr/bin/smbprint:
</PRE>
<HR>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>请确定 spool 和 accounting{帐号} 的目录存在且可写入. 请确信某行有适当的路径指到 smbprint script (在下面会给) 而且确定适当的设备被指到 ( /dev 下某个档).
<P>下个是 smbprint script 本身. 它通常被摆在 /usr/bin 而且是因为 Andrew Tridgell 的缘故,而据我所知是他创造了 Samba. 它随附在 Samba source 发行套件, 但在某些 binary 发行套件并没有, 所以在这我再造一个. 
<P>你可以希望仔细地看这个. 有某些较小的修改已经证明它们是很有用的.
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<HR>
<PRE>
#!/bin/sh -x

# This script is an input filter for printcap printing on a unix machine. It
# uses the smbclient program to print the file to the specified smb-based 
# server and service.
# For example you could have a printcap entry like this
#
# smb:lp=/dev/null:sd=/usr/spool/smb:sh:if=/usr/local/samba/smbprint
#
# which would create a unix printer called "smb" that will print via this 
# script. You will need to create the spool directory /usr/spool/smb with
# appropriate permissions and ownerships for your system.

# Set these to the server and service you wish to print to 
# In this example I have a WfWg PC called "lapland" that has a printer 
# exported called "printer" with no password.

#
# Script further altered by hamiltom@ecnz.co.nz (Michael Hamilton)
# so that the server, service, and password can be read from 
# a /usr/var/spool/lpd/PRINTNAME/.config file.
#
# In order for this to work the /etc/printcap entry must include an 
# accounting file (af=...):
#
#   cdcolour:\
#       :cm=CD IBM Colorjet on 6th:\
#       :sd=/var/spool/lpd/cdcolour:\
#       :af=/var/spool/lpd/cdcolour/acct:\
#       :if=/usr/local/etc/smbprint:\
#       :mx=0:\
#       :lp=/dev/null:
#
# The /usr/var/spool/lpd/PRINTNAME/.config file should contain:
#   server=PC_SERVER
#   service=PR_SHARENAME
#   password="password"
#
# E.g.
#   server=PAULS_PC
#   service=CJET_371
#   password=""

#
# Debugging log file, change to /dev/null if you like.
#
logfile=/tmp/smb-print.log
# logfile=/dev/null


#
# The last parameter to the filter is the accounting file name.
#
spool_dir=/var/spool/lpd/lp
config_file=$spool_dir/.config

# Should read the following variables set in the config file:
#   server
#   service
#   password
#   user
eval `cat $config_file`

#
# Some debugging help, change the >> to > if you want to same space.
#
echo "server $server, service $service" >> $logfile

(
# NOTE You may wish to add the line `echo translate' if you want automatic
# CR/LF translation when printing.
        echo translate
        echo "print -"
        cat
) | /usr/bin/smbclient "\\\\$server\\$service" $password -U $user -N -P >> $logfile
</PRE>
<HR>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>大部分 linux 发行套件随附 nenscript 其用来转换 ASCII 文件成 Postscript. 以下 perl script 经由 smbprint 使更容易提供一种简单介面给 linux 的列印.
<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
Usage: print [-a|c|p] &lt;filename>
       -a prints &lt;filename> as ASCII
       -c prints &lt;filename> formatted as source code
       -p prints &lt;filename> as Postscript
        If no switch is given, print attempts to
        guess the file type and print appropriately.
</PRE>
<HR>
<P>使用 smbprint 来列印 ASCII 档案便於截断过长的行. 如果可能的话,这个 script 截断长行於空白键处(取代在字的中间). 
<P>格式化过的原始码是被 nenscript 处理过. 它处理 ASCII 档而且用个特选的标头(像 date,filename等)格式化成两栏. 它也可计算行数. 使用这当作例子, 其他格式型态可以达成的.
<P>Postscript 文件已经适当地格式化了,所以它们直接通过.
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<HR>
<PRE>
#!/usr/bin/perl

# Script:   print
# Authors:  Brad Marshall, David Wood
#           Plugged In Communications
# Date:     960808
#
# Script to print to oreilly which is currently on zimmerman
# Purpose:  Takes files of various types as arguments and 
# processes them appropriately for piping to a Samba print script.
#
# Currently supported file types:
# 
# ASCII      - ensures that lines longer than $line_length characters wrap on
#              whitespace.
# Postscript - Takes no action.
# Code       - Formats in Postscript (using nenscript) to display
#              properly (landscape, font, etc).
#

# Set the maximum allowable length for each line of ASCII text.
$line_length = 76;

# Set the path and name of the Samba print script
$print_prog = "/usr/bin/smbprint";

# Set the path and name to nenscript (the ASCII-->Postscript converter)
$nenscript = "/usr/bin/nenscript";

unless ( -f $print_prog ) {
        die "Can't find $print_prog!";
}
unless ( -f $nenscript ) {
        die "Can't find $nenscript!";
}

&amp;ParseCmdLine(@ARGV);

# DBG
print "filetype is $filetype\n";

if ($filetype eq "ASCII") {
        &amp;wrap($line_length);
} elsif ($filetype eq "code") {
        &amp;codeformat;
} elsif ($filetype eq "ps") {
        &amp;createarray;
} else {
        print "Sorry..no known file type.\n";
        exit 0;
}
# Pipe the array to smbprint
open(PRINTER, "|$print_prog") || die "Can't open $print_prog: $!\n";
foreach $line (@newlines) {
        print PRINTER $line;
}
# Send an extra linefeed in case a file has an incomplete last line.
print PRINTER "\n";
close(PRINTER);
print "Completed\n";
exit 0;

# --------------------------------------------------- #
#        Everything below here is a subroutine        #
# --------------------------------------------------- #

sub ParseCmdLine {
        # Parses the command line, finding out what file type the file is

        # Gets $arg and $file to be the arguments (if the exists)
        # and the filename
        if ($#_ &lt; 0) {
                &amp;usage;
        }
        # DBG
#       foreach $element (@_) {
#               print "*$element* \n";
#       }

        $arg = shift(@_);
        if ($arg =~ /\-./) {
                $cmd = $arg;
        # DBG
#       print "\$cmd found.\n";

                $file = shift(@_);
        } else {
                $file = $arg;
        }
        
        # Defining the file type
        unless ($cmd) {
                # We have no arguments

                if ($file =~ /\.ps$/) {
                        $filetype = "ps";
                } elsif ($file =~ /\.java$|\.c$|\.h$|\.pl$|\.sh$|\.csh$|\.m4$|\.inc$|\.html$|\.htm$/) {
                        $filetype = "code";
                } else {
                        $filetype = "ASCII";
                }

                # Process $file for what type is it and return $filetype 
        } else {
                # We have what type it is in $arg
                if ($cmd =~ /^-p$/) {
                        $filetype = "ps";
                } elsif ($cmd =~ /^-c$/) {
                        $filetype = "code";
                } elsif ($cmd =~ /^-a$/) {
                        $filetype = "ASCII"
                }
        }
}

sub usage {
        print "
Usage: print [-a|c|p] &lt;filename>
       -a prints &lt;filename> as ASCII
       -c prints &lt;filename> formatted as source code
       -p prints &lt;filename> as Postscript
        If no switch is given, print attempts to
        guess the file type and print appropriately.\n
";
        exit(0);
}

sub wrap {
        # Create an array of file lines, where each line is &lt; the 
        # number of characters specified, and wrapped only on whitespace

        # Get the number of characters to limit the line to.
        $limit = pop(@_);

        # DBG
        #print "Entering subroutine wrap\n";
        #print "The line length limit is $limit\n";

        # Read in the file, parse and put into an array.
        open(FILE, "&lt;$file") || die "Can't open $file: $!\n";
        while(&lt;FILE>) {
                $line = $_;
                
                # DBG
                #print "The line is:\n$line\n";

                # Wrap the line if it is over the limit.
                while ( length($line) > $limit ) {
                        
                        # DBG
                        #print "Wrapping...";

                        # Get the first $limit +1 characters.
                        $part = substr($line,0,$limit +1);

                        # DBG
                        #print "The partial line is:\n$part\n";

                        # Check to see if the last character is a space.
                        $last_char = substr($part,-1, 1);
                        if ( " " eq $last_char ) {
                            # If it is, print the rest.

                            # DBG
                            #print "The last character was a space\n";

                            substr($line,0,$limit + 1) = "";
                            substr($part,-1,1) = "";
                            push(@newlines,"$part\n");
                        } else {
                             # If it is not, find the last space in the 
                             # sub-line and print up to there.

                            # DBG
                            #print "The last character was not a space\n";

                             # Remove the character past $limit
                             substr($part,-1,1) = "";
                             # Reverse the line to make it easy to find
                             # the last space.
                             $revpart = reverse($part);
                             $index = index($revpart," ");
                             if ( $index > 0 ) {
                               substr($line,0,$limit-$index) = "";
                               push(@newlines,substr($part,0,$limit-$index) 
                                   . "\n");
                             } else {
                               # There was no space in the line, so
                               # print it up to $limit.
                               substr($line,0,$limit) = "";
                               push(@newlines,substr($part,0,$limit) 
                                   . "\n");
                             }
                        }
                }
                push(@newlines,$line);
        }
        close(FILE);
}

sub codeformat {
        # Call subroutine wrap then filter through nenscript
        &amp;wrap($line_length);
        
        # Pipe the results through nenscript to create a Postscript
        # file that adheres to some decent format for printing
        # source code (landscape, Courier font, line numbers).
        # Print this to a temporary file first.
        $tmpfile = "/tmp/nenscript$$";
        open(FILE, "|$nenscript -2G -i$file -N -p$tmpfile -r") || 
                die "Can't open nenscript: $!\n";
        foreach $line (@newlines) {
                print FILE $line;
        }
        close(FILE);
        
        # Read the temporary file back into an array so it can be
        # passed to the Samba print script.
        @newlines = ("");
        open(FILE, "&lt;$tmpfile") || die "Can't open $file: $!\n";
        while(&lt;FILE>) {
                push(@newlines,$_);
        }
        close(FILE);
        system("rm $tmpfile");
}

sub createarray {
        # Create the array for postscript
        open(FILE, "&lt;$file") || die "Can't open $file: $!\n";
        while(&lt;FILE>) {
                push(@newlines,$_);
        }
        close(FILE);
}
</PRE>
<HR>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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