basic_string.html

指导程序员合理、高效的进行标准模板库编程。

<tt>basic_string</tt>
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Three-way lexicographical comparison of <tt>s</tt> and <tt>*this</tt>.
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<tt>int compare(size_type pos, size_type n, const charT* s, size_type len = npos) const</tt>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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Three-way lexicographical comparison of the first <tt>min(len, traits::length(s)</tt>
   characters of <tt>s</tt> and a substring of <tt>*this</tt>.
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template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;
operator+(const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s1,
          const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s2)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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String concatenation.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;
operator+(const charT* s1,
          const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s2)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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String concatenation.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;
operator+(const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s1,
          const charT* s2)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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String concatenation.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;
operator+(charT c,
          const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s2)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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String concatenation.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;
operator+(const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s1,
          charT c)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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String concatenation.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
bool operator==(const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s1,
                const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s2)
</pre>
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 <A href="Container.html">Container</A>
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String equality.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
bool operator==(const charT* s1, 
                const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s2)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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<TD VAlign=top>
String equality.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
bool operator==(const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s1,
                const charT* s2)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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String equality.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
bool operator!=(const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s1,
                const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s2)
</pre>
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 <A href="Container.html">Container</A>
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String inequality.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
bool operator!=(const charT* s1, 
                const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s2)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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String inequality.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
bool operator!=(const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s1,
                const charT* s2)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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String inequality.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
bool operator&lt;(const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s1,
               const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s2)
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 <A href="Container.html">Container</A>
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String comparison.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
bool operator&lt;(const charT* s1, 
               const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s2)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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String comparison.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
bool operator&lt;(const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s1,
               const charT* s2)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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String comparison.  A global function, not a member function.
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
void swap(basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s1,
          basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s2)
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 <A href="Container.html">Container</A>
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Swaps the contents of two strings.
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template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
basic_istream&lt;charT, traits&gt;&amp;
operator&gt;&gt;(basic_istream&lt;charT, traits&gt;&amp; is,
           basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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Reads <tt>s</tt> from the input stream <tt>is</tt>
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template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
basic_ostream&lt;charT, traits&gt;&amp;
operator&gt;&gt;(basic_istream&lt;charT, traits&gt;&amp; is,
           const basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s)
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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Writes <tt>s</tt> to the output stream <tt>is</tt>
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template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
basic_istream&lt;charT, traits&gt;&amp;
getline(basic_istream&lt;charT, traits&gt;&amp; is,
        basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s,
        charT delim)
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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Reads a string from the input stream <tt>is</tt>, stopping when it reaches <tt>delim</tt>
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<pre>
template &lt;class charT, class traits, class Alloc&gt;
basic_istream&lt;charT, traits&gt;&amp;
getline(basic_istream&lt;charT, traits&gt;&amp; is,
        basic_string&lt;charT, traits, Alloc&gt;&amp; s)
</pre>
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<tt>basic_string</tt>
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Reads a single line from the input stream <tt>is</tt>
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<h3>New members</h3>
These members are not defined in the 
<A href="RandomAccessContainer.html">Random Access Container</A> and <A href="Sequence.html" tppabs="http://www.sgi.com/Technology/STL/Sequence.shtml">Sequence</A>:
requirements, but are specific to <tt>basic_string</tt>.
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Member
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Description
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<tt>static const size_type npos</tt>
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The largest possible value of type <tt>size_type</tt>.  That is,
   <tt>size_type(-1)</tt>.
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<tt>size_type length() const</tt>
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Equivalent to  <tt>size()</tt>.
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<tt>size_type capacity() const</tt>
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Number of elements for which memory has been allocated.  That is,
   the size to which the string can grow before memory must be
   reallocated.  <tt>capacity()</tt> is always greater than or equal to 
   <tt>size()</tt>.   
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<tt>const charT* c_str() const</tt>
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Returns a pointer to a null-terminated array of characters representing
   the string's contents.  For any string <tt>s</tt>, it is guaranteed that
   <tt>s == s.c_str()</tt> and that    <tt>s.c_str()[s.size()]</tt> is a null character.  
   Note, however, that it not necessarily the first null characters; 
   characters within a string are permitted to be null.
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<tt>const charT* data() const</tt>
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Returns a pointer to an array of characters, not necessarily
   null-terminated, representing the string's contents.  <tt>data()</tt>
   is permitted, but not required, to be identical to <tt>c_str()</tt>.
   The first <tt>size()</tt> characters of that array are guaranteed to be identical
   to the characters in <tt>*this</tt>.  The return value of <tt>data()</tt> is never
   a null pointer, even if <tt>size()</tt> is zero.
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<tt>basic_string(const basic_string&amp; s, size_type pos = 0, size_type n = npos)</tt>
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Constructs a string from a substring of <tt>s</tt>.  The substring begins at
   character position <tt>pos</tt> and terminates at character position 
   <tt>pos + n</tt> or at the end of <tt>s</tt>, whichever comes first.  This constructor
   throws <tt>out_of_range</tt> if <tt>pos &gt; s.size()</tt>.  Note that when <tt>pos</tt> and <tt>n</tt>
   have their default values, this is just a copy constructor.
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<tt>basic_string(const charT* s)</tt>
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Equivalent to <tt>basic_string(s, s + traits::length(s))</tt>.
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<tt>basic_string(const charT* s, size_type n)</tt>
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Equivalent to <tt>basic_string(s, s + n)</tt>.
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<tt>basic_string&amp; operator=(const charT* s)</tt>
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Equivalent to <tt>operator=(basic_string(s))</tt>.
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<tt>basic_string&amp; operator=(charT c)</tt>
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Assigns to <tt>*this</tt> a string whose size is <tt>1</tt> and whose contents is
   the single character <tt>c</tt>.
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<tt>void reserve(size_t n)</tt>
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Requests that the string's capacity be changed; the postcondition
   for this member function is that, after it is called, 
   <tt>capacity() &gt;= n</tt>.  You may request that a string decrease its
   capacity by calling <tt>reserve()</tt> with an argument less than the
   current capacity.  (If you call <tt>reserve()</tt> with an argument less 
   than the string's size, however, the capacity will only be reduced
   to <tt>size()</tt>.  A string's size can never be greater than its capacity.)
   <tt>reserve()</tt> throws <tt>length_error</tt> if <tt>n &gt; max_size()</tt>.
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<tt>basic_string&amp; insert(size_type pos, const basic_string&amp; s)</tt>
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If <tt>pos &gt; size()</tt>, throws <tt>out_of_range</tt>.  Otherwise, equivalent to
   <tt>insert(begin() + pos, s.begin(), s.end())</tt>.
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<pre>
basic_string&amp; insert(size_type pos, 
                     const basic_string&amp; s, 
                     size_type pos1, size_type n)
</pre>
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If <tt>pos &gt; size()</tt> or <tt>pos1 &gt; s.size()</tt>, throws <tt>out_of_range</tt>.  Otherwise,
   equivalent to <tt>insert(begin() + pos, s.begin() + pos1, s.begin() + pos1 + min(n, s.size() - pos1))</tt>.
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<tt>basic_string&amp; insert(size_type pos, const charT* s)</tt>
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If <tt>pos &gt; size()</tt>, throws <tt>out_of_range</tt>.  Otherwise, equivalent to
   <tt>insert(begin() + pos, s, s + traits::length(s))</tt>
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<tt>basic_string&amp; insert(size_type pos, const charT* s, size_type n)</tt>
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If <tt>pos &gt; size()</tt>, throws <tt>out_of_range</tt>.  Otherwise, equivalent to
   <tt>insert(begin() + pos, s, s + n)</tt>.
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<tt>basic_string&amp; insert(size_type pos, size_type n, charT c)</tt>
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If <tt>pos &gt; size()</tt>, throws <tt>out_of_range</tt>.  Otherwise, equivalent to
   <tt>insert(begin() + pos, n, c)</tt>.
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<tt>basic_string&amp; append(const basic_string&amp; s)</tt>
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Equivalent to <tt>insert(end(), s.begin(), s.end())</tt>.
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<pre>