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.\" @(#) kermit.1 6.0.192 96/09/06 Columbia University
.TH KERMIT 1C "6 Sep 96" "UNIX C-Kermit"
.SH NAME
kermit \- C-Kermit 6.0.192 communications software for serial and network
connections: modem dialing, file transfer and management, terminal connection,
character-set translation, and script programming.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B kermit
[ command-file ] [ options ... ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Kermit
is a family of file transfer, management, and communication software programs
from Columbia University available for most computers and operating systems.
The UNIX version of Kermit, called
.IR "C-Kermit",
supports serial connections (direct or dialed) and, in most UNIX
implementations, also TCP/IP connections.  On SunOS systems equipped with
SunLink X.25, C-Kermit can also make X.25 connections.
C-Kermit can be thought of as a user-friendly and powerful alternative to cu,
tip, uucp, ftp, and telnet; a single package for both network and serial
communications, offering automation, convenience, and language features not
found in the other packages, and having a great deal in common with its
cousins, C-Kermit on other UNIX platforms, Kermit 95 for Windows 95 and NT and
OS/2, MS-DOS Kermit for PCs with DOS and Windows 3.x, and IBM Mainframe
Kermit-370 for VM/CMS, MVS/TSO, and CICS.  C-Kermit itself also runs on
Digital VMS, Data General AOS/VS, Stratus VOS, OS-9, QNX, the BeBox, Plan 9,
the Commodore Amiga, and elsewhere.  Together, C-Kermit, Kermit 95, MS-DOS
Kermit, and IBM Mainframe Kermit offer a consistent and nearly universal
approach to inter-computer communications.
.PP
C-Kermit 6.0.192 is Copyright (C) 1985, 1996 by the Trustees of Columbia
University in the City of New York.  The C-Kermit software may not be, in
whole or in part, licensed or sold for profit as a software product itself,
nor may it be included in or distributed with commercial products or otherwise
distributed by commercial concerns to their clients or customers without
written permission of the Office of Kermit Development and Distribution,
Columbia University.  This copyright notice must not be removed, altered, or
obscured.
.PP
.PP
C-Kermit 6.0 is thoroughly documented in the book
.IR "Using C-Kermit"
by Frank da Cruz and Christine M. Gianone, Digital Press, Second Edition,
1997; see REFERENCES
at the end of this manual page.  This manual page is not a substitute for the
book.  If you are a serious user of C-Kermit, particularly if plan to write
C-Kermit script programs, you should purchase the manual.  Book sales are the
primary source of funding for the nonprofit Kermit Project.
.PP
Any new features added since most recent edition of the book was
published are documented in the online file
.IR "ckermit.upd".
Hints, tips, limitations, restrictions are listed in
.IR "ckcker.bwr"
(general C-Kermit) and
.IR "ckuker.bwr"
(UNIX-specific); see FILES below.  Please consult all of these references
before reporting problems or asking for technical support.
.PP
Kermit software is available for hundreds of different computers and operating
systems from Columbia University.  For best file-transfer results, please use
C-Kermit in conjunction with real Columbia University Kermit software on other
computers, such as Kermit 95 for Windows 95 and NT or MS-DOS Kermit for DOS
3.x or Windows.  See CONTACTS below.
.SH "MODES OF OPERATION"
C-Kermit can be used in two "modes": remote and local.  In
.IR "remote mode",
you connect to the
UNIX
system from a desktop computer
and transfer files between your desktop computer and
UNIX
C-Kermit.  In that
case, connection establishment (dialing, TELNET connection, etc) is handled
by the Kermit program on your desktop computer.
.PP
In
.IR "local mode",
C-Kermit establishes a connection to another computer
by direct serial connection, by dialing a modem, or by making a network
connection.  When used in local mode, C-Kermit gives you a terminal connection
to the remote computer, using your actual terminal, emulator, or UNIX
workstation terminal window or console driver for specific terminal emulation.
.PP
C-Kermit also has two types of commands: the familiar UNIX-style command-line
options, and an interactive dialog with a prompt.
.IR "Command-line options"
give
you access to a small but useful subset of C-Kermit's features for terminal
connection and file transfer, plus the ability to pipe files into or out of
Kermit for transfer.
.PP
.IR "Interactive commands"
give you access to dialing, script programming,
character-set translation, and, in general, detailed control and display of all
C-Kermit's features.  Interactive commands can also be collected into command
files or macros.
.PP
.SH "STARTING C-KERMIT"
.PP
C-Kermit should be available as "kermit" somewhere in your PATH, perhaps as
/usr/local/bin/kermit, in which case you can
start C-Kermit just by typing "kermit", possibly followed by command-line
options.
If there are no "action options" on the command line (explained
below), C-Kermit starts in interactive command mode; you will see a greeting
message and then the "C-Kermit>" prompt.  If you do include action options on
the command line, C-Kermit takes the indicated actions and then exits directly
back to UNIX.  Either way, C-Kermit executes the commands in its
initialization file,
.IR ".kermrc" ,
in your home directory (or a system-wide directory if C-Kermit was built to
do this)
before it executes any other commands, unless you have
included the `\|\c
.B \-Y\c
\&\|' (uppercase) command-line option, which means to skip the
initialization file, or you have included the `\|\c
.B -y \c
\&\|
.IR "filename" \c
\&\|'
option to specify an alternative initialization file.
.PP
.SH "FILE TRANSFER"
.PP
Here is the most common scenario for Kermit file transfer.  Many other
methods are possible, most of them more convenient, but this basic method
should work in all cases.
.PP
.in +0.5i
.ll -0.5i
.ta +0.2i
.ti -0.2i
\(bu	Start Kermit on your local computer and establish a connection to the
remote computer.  If C-Kermit is on your local
computer, use the sequence SET MODEM TYPE
.IR "modem-name" \c
\&\|, SET LINE
.IR "device-name" \c
\&\|, SET SPEED
.IR "bits-per-second" \c
\&\|, and DIAL
.IR "phone-number"
if you are dialing; SET LINE and SPEED for direct connections;
SET NETWORK
.IR "network-type"
and SET HOST
.IR "host-name-or-address"
for network connections.
.sp
.ti -0.2i
\(bu	SET any other necessary communication parameters, such as PARITY,
DUPLEX, and FLOW-CONTROL.
.sp
.ti -0.2i
\(bu	Give the CONNECT command.
.sp
.ti -0.2i
\(bu	Log in to the remote computer.
.sp
.ti -0.2i
\(bu	Start Kermit on the remote computer, give it any desired SET commands
for file-, communication-, or protocol-related parameters.  If you will be
transferring binary files, give the command SET FILE TYPE BINARY to the
Kermit program that will be sending them.
.sp
.ti -0.2i
\(bu	To
.IR download
a file or file group, give the remote Kermit a SEND command, following by
a filename or "wildcard" file specification, for example:
.nf
.sp
  send oofa.txt            (send one file)
.sp
.fi
or:
.nf
.sp
  send oofa.*              (send a group of files)
.sp
.fi
To
.IR upload
a file or files, give the remote Kermit a RECEIVE command.  The sending Kermit
will tell the receiving Kermit the name (and other attributes) of each file.
.sp
.ti -0.2i
\(bu	Escape back to the Kermit program on your local (desktop) computer.  If
your local computer is running C-Kermit, type Ctrl-\\ c (Control-backslash
followed by the letter 'c') (on NeXT workstations, use Ctrl-] c).  If MS-DOS
or OS/2 or Windows Kermit, use Alt-x (hold down the Alt key, press 'x').  Now 
you should see your local Kermit program's prompt.
.sp
.ti -0.2i
\(bu	If you will be transferring binary files, give the command SET FILE
TYPE BINARY to the Kermit program that is sending the files.
.sp
.ti -0.2i
\(bu	If you are
.IR downloading
files, tell the local Kermit program to RECEIVE.  If you are
.IR "uploading",
give your local Kermit program a SEND command, specifying a filename
or wildcard file specification.  In other words, tell the
.IR remote
Kermit program what to do first, SEND or RECEIVE, then escape back to
the
.IR local
Kermit and give it the opposite command, RECEIVE or SEND.
.sp
.ti -0.2i
\(bu When the transfer is complete, give a CONNECT command.  Now you are
talking to Kermit on the remote computer again.  Type EXIT to get back to the
command prompt on the remote computer.  When you are finished using the remote
computer, log out and then (if necessary) escape back to Kermit on your local
computer.  Then you can make another connection or EXIT from the local Kermit
program.
.ll +0.5i
.in -0.5i
.fi
.PP
C-Kermit's file transfer protocol defaults are deliberately conservative,
resulting in file transfer that almost always works, but might be somewhat
slow.  To increase file transfer performance on computers and connections that
permit it, use SET RECEIVE PACKET-LENGTH to increase the packet length, SET
WINDOW to increase the packet window size, and use SET PREFIXING to reduce the
overhead of control-character prefixing.  (Hint: try the
.IR FAST
command to enable all these performance options at once.)  On serial
connections, use hardware flow control (SET FLOW RTS/CTS) if available, rather
than software (XON/XOFF) flow control.  On TCP/IP connections, SET FLOW NONE.
For details, including benchmarks, read Chapter 12 of
.IR "Using C-Kermit".
.SH OTHER FEATURES
C-Kermit includes features too numerous to be explained in a man page.  For
further information about connection establishment, modem dialing, networks,
terminal connection, key mapping, logging, file transfer options and features,
troubleshooting, client/server operation, character-set translation during
terminal connection and file transfer, "raw" up- and downloading of files,
macro construction, script programming, convenience features, and shortcuts,
plus numerous tables, examples, and illustrations, please consult
.IR "Using C-Kermit".
.SH HELP
.PP
C-Kermit has extensive built-in help.  You can find out what commands exist by
typing ? at the C-Kermit> prompt.  You can type HELP at the C-Kermit> prompt
for "getting-started" message, or HELP followed by the name
of a particular command for information about that command, for example:
.nf
.sp
  help send
.sp
.fi
or:
.nf
.sp
  help set file
.sp
.fi
You can type ? anywhere within a command to get brief help about the
current command field.  You can also type the INTRO command to get a brief
introduction to C-Kermit, and the NEWS command to find out what's new in
your version.  Finally, you can use the BUG command to learn how to report
bugs.
.sp
.SH "ENTERING COMMANDS"
.sp
You can use upper or lower case for interactive-mode commands, but remember
that UNIX filenames are case-sensitive.  You can abbreviate commands as long
as the abbreviation matches only one possibility.  While typing a command, you
can use the following editing characters:
.nf
.sp
  Delete, Backspace, or Rubout erases the rightmost character.
  Ctrl-W erases the rightmost "word".
  Ctrl-U erases the current command line.
  Ctrl-R redisplays the current command.
  Ctrl-P recalls a previous command (scrolls back in command buffer).
  Ctrl-N scrolls forward in a scrolled-back command buffer.
  Ctrl-C cancels the current command.
  Tab, Esc, or Ctrl-I tries to complete the current keyword or filename.
  ? gives help about the current field.
.sp
.fi
To enter the command and make it execute, press the Return or Enter key.
.sp
.SH BACKSLASH NOTATION
Within an interactive command, the "\\" character (backslash) is a prefix used
to enter special quantities, including ordinary characters that would
otherwise be illegal.  At the end of a line, \\ or - (dash) makes the next
line a continuation of the current line.  Other than that, the character
following the \\ identifies what the special quantity is:
.nf
.sp
  % A user-defined simple (scalar) variable such as \\%a or \\%1
  & an array reference such as \\&a[3]
  $ an environment variable such as \\$(TERM)
  v (or V) a built-in variable such as \\v(time)
  f (or F) a function such as \\Fsubstring(\\%a,3,2)
  d (or D) a decimal (base 10) number (1 to 3 digits, 0..255) such as \\d27
  o (or O) an octal (base 8) number (1 to 3 digits, 0..377) such as \\o33
  x (or X) a hexadecimal (base 16) number (2 digits, 00..ff) like \\x1b
  \\ the backslash character itself
  b (or B) the BREAK signal (OUTPUT command only)
  l (or L) a Long BREAK signal (OUTPUT only)
  n (or n) a NUL (0) character (OUTPUT only)
  a decimal digit (a 1-, 2-, or 3-digit decimal number) such as \\27
  {} used for grouping, e.g. \\{27}123
  anything else: following character taken literally.
.sp