readme

系统任务管理器

Mem and Swap Monitor
--------------------
Here you are reading a ratio of total used to total available.
The amount of memory used indicated by the memory monitor is
actually a calculated "used" memory.  If you enter the
"free" command, you will see that most of your memory is almost
always used because the kernel uses large amounts for buffers
and cache.  Since the kernel can free a lot of this memory
as user process demand for memory goes up, a more realistic reading
of memory in use is obtained by subtracting the buffers and cached
memory from the kernel reported used.  This is shown in the free
command output in the "-/+ buffers/cache" line where a calculated
used amount has buffers and cached memory subtracted from the kernel
reported used memory, and a calculated free amount has the buffers
and cached memory added in.

While the memory meter always shows the calculated "used" memory,
the raw memory values total, shared, buffered, and cached may be
optionally displayed in the memory panel by entering an appropriate
format display string in the config.

Units:  All memory values have units of binary megabytes (MiB).
Memory sizes have historically been reported in these units because
memory arrays on silicon have always increased in size by multiples
of 2.  Add an address line to a memory chip and you double or quadruple
(a multiplexed address) the memory size.  A binary megabyte is
2^20 or 1048576.  Contrast this with units for other stats such
as disk capacities or net transfer rates where the proper units
are decimal megabytes or kilobytes.  Disk drive capacities do not
increase by powers of 2 and manufacturers do not use binary
units when reporting their sizes.  However, some of you may prefer
to see a binary disk drive capacity reported, so it is available
as an option.


Internet Monitor
----------------
Displays TCP port connections and records historical port hits on a
minute or hourly chart.  Middle button click on an inet chart to
toggle between the minute and hourly displays.  There is a strip
below the minute or hour charts where marks are drawn for port
hits in second intervals.  Each inet krell also shows port hits
with a full scale range of 5 hits.  The left button toggle of extra
info displays current port connections.

For each internet monitor you can specify two labeled datasets with
one or two ports for each dataset.  There are two ports because some
internet ports are related and you might want to group them - for
example, the standard http port is 80, but there is also a www web
caching service on port 8080.  So it makes sense to have a http
monitor which combines data from both ports.  A possible common
configuration would be to create one inet monitor that monitors
http hits plotted in the one color and ftp hits in another.
To do this, setup in the Internet configuration tab:

    http  80 8080    ftp  21

Or you could create separate monitors for http and ftp.  Other
monitors might be smtp on port 25 or nntp on port 119.

If you check the "Port0 - Port1 is a range" button, then all of the
ports between the two entries will be monitored.  Clicking the
small button on the Inet panels will pop up a window listing the
currently connected port numbers and the host that is connected
to it.

GKrellM samples TCP port activity once per second, so it is possible
for port hits lasting less than a second to be missed.


File System Monitor
-------------------
File system mount points can be selected to be monitored with a meter
that shows the ratio of blocks used to total blocks available.  Mounting
commands can be enabled for mount points in one of two ways:

1) If a mount point is in your /etc/fstab and you have mount permission
then mount and umount commands can be enabled and executed for that
mount point simply by checking the "Enable /etc/fstab mounting" option.
Mount table entries in /etc/fstab must have the "user" or "owner" option set
to grant this permission unless GKrellM is run as root.
For example, if you run GKrellM as a normal user and you want to be
able to mount your floppy, your /etc/fstab could have either of:
    /dev/fd0  /mnt/floppy  ext2   user,noauto,rw,exec  0  0
or
    /dev/fd0  /mnt/floppy  ext2   user,defaults  0  0

2) If GKrellM is run as root or if you have sudo permission to run the
mount commands, then a custom mount command can be entered into the
"mount command" entry box.  A umount command must also be entered if you
choose this method.  Example mount and umount entries using sudo:
      sudo /bin/mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt/A
      sudo /bin/umount /mnt/A
Notes: the mount point specified in a custom mount command (/mnt/A in
this example) must be the same as entered in the "Mount Point" entry.
Also, you should have the NOPASSWD option set in /etc/sudoers for this.

File system monitors can be created as primary (always visible)
or secondary which can be hidden and then shown when they are of
interest.  For example, you might make primary file system monitors
for root, home, or user so they will be always visible, but make
secondary monitors for less frequently used mount points such as
floppy, zip, backup partitions, foreign file system types, etc.
Secondary FS monitors can also be configured to always be visible if they
are mounted by checking the "Show if mounted" option.   Using this
feature you can show the secondary group, mount a file system, and have
that FS monitor remain visible even when the secondary group is hidden.
A standard cdrom mount will show as 100% full but a monitor for it
could be created with mounting enabled just to have the
mount/umount convenience.

When the "Ejectable" option is selected for a file system, an eject
button will appear when the mouse enters the file system panel.  If you
are not using /etc/fstab mounting, a device file to eject will also need
to be entered.  Systems may have varying levels of support for this feature
ranging from none or basic using an ioctl() to full support using an eject
command to eject all its supported devices.   Linux and NetBSD use the
"eject" command while FreeBSD uses the "cdcontrol" command, so be sure
these commands are installed.
Most eject commands will also support closing a CDROM tray.  If they do,
you will be able to access this function by right clicking the eject button.


Mail Monitor
------------
Checks your mailboxes for unread mail. A mail reading program (MUA) can be
executed with a left mouse click on the mail monitor panel button, and
a mail notify (play a sound) program such as esdplay or artsplay can be
executed whenever the new mail count increases.  The mail panel envelope
decal may also be clicked to force an immediate mail check at any time.

GKrellM is capable of checking mail from local mailbox types mbox, MH, and
maildir, and from remote mailbox types POP3 and IMAP.

POP3 and IMAP checking can use non-standard port numbers and password
authentication protocols APOP (for POP3 only) or CRAM-MD5.  If supported
by the mail server, emote checking may be done over an SSL connection if
the "Use SSL" option is selected.

Before internal POP3 and IMAP checking was added, an external mail
fetch/check program could be set up to be executed periodically to
download or check remote POP3 or IMAP mail.  This method is still
available and must be used if you want GKrellM to be able to
download remote mail to local mailboxes because the builtin checking
functions cannot download.


Battery Monitor
--------------------------
This meter will be available if a battery exists and will show battery
percentage life remaining.  A decal indicates if AC line is connected
or if the battery is in use.  If the data is available, time remaining
may be displayed as well as the percentage battery level. If the time
remaining is not available or is inaccurate, the Estimate Time option
may be selected to display a battery time to run or time to charge which
is calculated based on the current battery percent level, user supplied
typical battery times, and a default linear extrapolation model.
For charging, an exponential charge model may be selected.

A battery low level warning and alarm alert may be set.  If battery time
is not available from the OS and the estimate time mode is not set, the
alert units will be battery percent level.  Otherwise the alert units will
be battery time left in minutes.  If OS battery time is not available and the
estimate time mode is set when the alert is created, the alert will have
units of time left in minutes and the alert will automatically be destroyed
if the estimate time option is subsequently turned off.

If the OS reports multiple batteries, the alert will be a master alert
which is duplicated for each battery.

CPU/Motherboard Sensors - Temperature, Voltages, and Fan RPM
------------------------------------------------------------
Linux:
-----
Sensor monitoring requires that either lm_sensors modules are
installed in your running kernel, that you run a kernel >= 2.6 with sysfs
sensors configured, or, for i386 architectures, that you have the mbmon
daemon running when gkrellm is started.  If the mbmon daemon is used, it
must be started before gkrellm like so:

    mbmon -r -P port-number

where the given "port-number" must be configured to match in the gkrellm
Sensors->Options config.  Sensor temperatures can also be read from
/proc/acpi/thermal_zone, /proc/acpi/thermal and /proc/acpi/ibm.
When using lm_sensors, sensor data is read from /proc/sys/dev/sensors and
there is no linking to the lm_sensors libraries.

Disk temperatures may also be monitored if you have the hddtemp daemon
running when gkrellm is started.  Gkrellm uses the default hddtemp port
of 7634.  Both hddtemp and mbmon are best started in a boot rc script to
guarantee they will be running when gkrellm is started.

Nvidia graphics card GPU temperatures may also be monitored if you have
the nvidia-settings command installed and your Nvidia card supports
the temperature reporting.

Windows
-------
Requires a MBM install: http://mbm.livewiredev.com/.

FreeBSD
------------------
Builtin sensor reporting is available for some sensor chips.
FreeBSD systems can also read sensor data from the mbmon daemon as described
in the Linux section above.

NetBSD
------------------
Builtin sensor reporting is available for some sensor chips.
NetBSD uses the envsys(4) interface and sensors reading is automatically
enabled if you have either a lm(4) or viaenv(4) chip configured in your kernel.

General Setup:
--------------
Temperature and fan sensor displays may be optionally located on the CPU or
Proc panels to save some vertical space while voltages are always displayed
on their own panel.  If you set up to monitor both a temperature and a fan
on a single CPU or Proc panel, they can be displayed optionally as an
alternating single display or as separate displays.  If separate, the fan
display will replace the panel label.  The configuration for this is under
the CPU and Proc config pages.

In the Setup page for the Sensors config you also enter any correction
factors and offsets for each of the sensors you are monitoring.  For Linux,
default values are automatically provided for many sensor chips, but if
they are not correct you should review the lm_sensors documentation.  See
below for an explanation of converting lm_sensor compute lines (see
/etc/sensors.conf) to GKrellM correction factors and offsets.

Note for NetBSD users: 
The current implementation of the sensor reading under NetBSD opens
/dev/sysmon and never closes it. Since that device does not support
concurrent accesses, you won't be able to run other apps such as
envstat(8) while GKrellM is running.  This might change if this happens
to be an issue.
The reasons for this choice are a) efficiency (though it might be possible
to open/close /dev/sysmon each time a reading is needed without major
performance issue) and b) as of october 2001, there's a bug in the
envsys(4) driver which sometimes causes deadlocks when processes try to
access simultaneoulsy /dev/sysmon  (see NetBSD PR#14368). A (quick and
dirty) workaround for this is to monopolize the driver :)


CPU/Motherboard Temperatures
----------------------------
Most modern motherboards will not require setting temperature correction
factors and offsets other than the defaults.  However, for lm_sensors it
is necessary to have a correct "set sensor" line in /etc/sensors.conf
if the temperature sensor type is other than the default thermistor.
If using Linux sysfs sensors, this sensor type is set by writing to
a sysfs file.  For example, you might at boot set a sysfs temperature sensor
type with:

    echo "2" > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/0-0290/sensor2

On the other hand, some older motherboards may need temperature calibration
by setting a correction factor and offset for each temperature sensor
because of factors such as variations in physical thermistor contact
with the CPU.  Unfortunately, this calibration may not be practical or