output_example.c

ffmpeg的完整源代码和作者自己写的文档。不但有在Linux的工程哦

        /* buffers passed into lav* can be allocated any way you prefer,
           as long as they're aligned enough for the architecture, and
           they're freed appropriately (such as using av_free for buffers
           allocated with av_malloc) */
        video_outbuf_size = 200000;
        video_outbuf = av_malloc(video_outbuf_size);
    }

    /* allocate the encoded raw picture */
    picture = alloc_picture(c->pix_fmt, c->width, c->height);
    if (!picture) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate picture\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* if the output format is not YUV420P, then a temporary YUV420P
       picture is needed too. It is then converted to the required
       output format */
    tmp_picture = NULL;
    if (c->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
        tmp_picture = alloc_picture(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, c->width, c->height);
        if (!tmp_picture) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate temporary picture\n");
            exit(1);
        }
    }
}

/* prepare a dummy image */
static void fill_yuv_image(AVFrame *pict, int frame_index, int width, int height)
{
    int x, y, i;

    i = frame_index;

    /* Y */
    for(y=0;y<height;y++) {
        for(x=0;x<width;x++) {
            pict->data[0][y * pict->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
        }
    }

    /* Cb and Cr */
    for(y=0;y<height/2;y++) {
        for(x=0;x<width/2;x++) {
            pict->data[1][y * pict->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
            pict->data[2][y * pict->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
        }
    }
}

static void write_video_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
{
    int out_size, ret;
    AVCodecContext *c;
    static struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;

    c = st->codec;

    if (frame_count >= STREAM_NB_FRAMES) {
        /* no more frame to compress. The codec has a latency of a few
           frames if using B frames, so we get the last frames by
           passing the same picture again */
    } else {
        if (c->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
            /* as we only generate a YUV420P picture, we must convert it
               to the codec pixel format if needed */
            if (img_convert_ctx == NULL) {
                img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(c->width, c->height,
                                                 PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
                                                 c->width, c->height,
                                                 c->pix_fmt,
                                                 sws_flags, NULL, NULL, NULL);
                if (img_convert_ctx == NULL) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initialize the conversion context\n");
                    exit(1);
                }
            }
            fill_yuv_image(tmp_picture, frame_count, c->width, c->height);
            sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, tmp_picture->data, tmp_picture->linesize,
                      0, c->height, picture->data, picture->linesize);
        } else {
            fill_yuv_image(picture, frame_count, c->width, c->height);
        }
    }


    if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE) {
        /* raw video case. The API will change slightly in the near
           futur for that */
        AVPacket pkt;
        av_init_packet(&pkt);

        pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
        pkt.stream_index= st->index;
        pkt.data= (uint8_t *)picture;
        pkt.size= sizeof(AVPicture);

        ret = av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
    } else {
        /* encode the image */
        out_size = avcodec_encode_video(c, video_outbuf, video_outbuf_size, picture);
        /* if zero size, it means the image was buffered */
        if (out_size > 0) {
            AVPacket pkt;
            av_init_packet(&pkt);

            pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(c->coded_frame->pts, c->time_base, st->time_base);
            if(c->coded_frame->key_frame)
                pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
            pkt.stream_index= st->index;
            pkt.data= video_outbuf;
            pkt.size= out_size;

            /* write the compressed frame in the media file */
            ret = av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
        } else {
            ret = 0;
        }
    }
    if (ret != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing video frame\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    frame_count++;
}

static void close_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
{
    avcodec_close(st->codec);
    av_free(picture->data[0]);
    av_free(picture);
    if (tmp_picture) {
        av_free(tmp_picture->data[0]);
        av_free(tmp_picture);
    }
    av_free(video_outbuf);
}

/**************************************************************/
/* media file output */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const char *filename;
    AVOutputFormat *fmt;
    AVFormatContext *oc;
    AVStream *audio_st, *video_st;
    double audio_pts, video_pts;
    int i;

    /* initialize libavcodec, and register all codecs and formats */
    av_register_all();

    if (argc != 2) {
        printf("usage: %s output_file\n"
               "API example program to output a media file with libavformat.\n"
               "The output format is automatically guessed according to the file extension.\n"
               "Raw images can also be output by using '%%d' in the filename\n"
               "\n", argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }

    filename = argv[1];

    /* auto detect the output format from the name. default is
       mpeg. */
    fmt = guess_format(NULL, filename, NULL);
    if (!fmt) {
        printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
        fmt = guess_format("mpeg", NULL, NULL);
    }
    if (!fmt) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not find suitable output format\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* allocate the output media context */
    oc = av_alloc_format_context();
    if (!oc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Memory error\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    oc->oformat = fmt;
    snprintf(oc->filename, sizeof(oc->filename), "%s", filename);

    /* add the audio and video streams using the default format codecs
       and initialize the codecs */
    video_st = NULL;
    audio_st = NULL;
    if (fmt->video_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
        video_st = add_video_stream(oc, fmt->video_codec);
    }
    if (fmt->audio_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
        audio_st = add_audio_stream(oc, fmt->audio_codec);
    }

    /* set the output parameters (must be done even if no
       parameters). */
    if (av_set_parameters(oc, NULL) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid output format parameters\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    dump_format(oc, 0, filename, 1);

    /* now that all the parameters are set, we can open the audio and
       video codecs and allocate the necessary encode buffers */
    if (video_st)
        open_video(oc, video_st);
    if (audio_st)
        open_audio(oc, audio_st);

    /* open the output file, if needed */
    if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
        if (url_fopen(&oc->pb, filename, URL_WRONLY) < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Could not open '%s'\n", filename);
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    /* write the stream header, if any */
    av_write_header(oc);

    for(;;) {
        /* compute current audio and video time */
        if (audio_st)
            audio_pts = (double)audio_st->pts.val * audio_st->time_base.num / audio_st->time_base.den;
        else
            audio_pts = 0.0;

        if (video_st)
            video_pts = (double)video_st->pts.val * video_st->time_base.num / video_st->time_base.den;
        else
            video_pts = 0.0;

        if ((!audio_st || audio_pts >= STREAM_DURATION) &&
            (!video_st || video_pts >= STREAM_DURATION))
            break;

        /* write interleaved audio and video frames */
        if (!video_st || (video_st && audio_st && audio_pts < video_pts)) {
            write_audio_frame(oc, audio_st);
        } else {
            write_video_frame(oc, video_st);
        }
    }

    /* close each codec */
    if (video_st)
        close_video(oc, video_st);
    if (audio_st)
        close_audio(oc, audio_st);

    /* write the trailer, if any */
    av_write_trailer(oc);

    /* free the streams */
    for(i = 0; i < oc->nb_streams; i++) {
        av_freep(&oc->streams[i]->codec);
        av_freep(&oc->streams[i]);
    }

    if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
        /* close the output file */
        url_fclose(&oc->pb);
    }

    /* free the stream */
    av_free(oc);

    return 0;
}