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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html > <head><title>Hypertext marks in LaTeX: a manual for hyperref</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/mn.html)"> <meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/mn.html)"> <!-- html --> <meta name="src" content="manual.tex"> <meta name="date" content="2004-02-12 15:16:00"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="manual.css"> </head><body > <div class="maketitle"> <h2 class="titleHead">Hypertext marks in <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span></span>: a manual for hyperref</h2> <div class="author" ><span class="ecrm-1200">Sebastian Rahtz </span><br class="and"><span class="ecrm-1200">Heiko Oberdiek</span></div><br><div class="date" ><span class="ecrm-1200">February 2004</span></div> </div> <h3 class="likesectionHead"><a id="x1-1000"></a>Contents</h3> <div class="tableofcontents"> <span class="sectionToc">1 <a href="#x1-20001" id="QQ2-1-2">Introduction</a></span><br> <span class="sectionToc">2 <a href="#x1-30002" id="QQ2-1-3">Implicit behavior</a></span><br> <span class="sectionToc">3 <a href="#x1-40003" id="QQ2-1-4">Package options</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">3.1 <a href="#x1-50003.1" id="QQ2-1-5">General options</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">3.2 <a href="#x1-60003.2" id="QQ2-1-6">Configuration options</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">3.3 <a href="#x1-70003.3" id="QQ2-1-7">Backend drivers</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">3.4 <a href="#x1-80003.4" id="QQ2-1-8">Extension options</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">3.5 <a href="#x1-90003.5" id="QQ2-1-9">PDF-specific display options</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">3.6 <a href="#x1-100003.6" id="QQ2-1-10">PDF display and information options</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">3.7 <a href="#x1-110003.7" id="QQ2-1-11">Big alphabetical list</a></span><br> <span class="sectionToc">4 <a href="#x1-120004" id="QQ2-1-12">Additional user macros</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">4.1 <a href="#x1-130004.1" id="QQ2-1-13">Replacement macros</a></span><br> <span class="sectionToc">5 <a href="#x1-140005" id="QQ2-1-14">Acrobat-specific behavior</a></span><br> <span class="sectionToc">6 <a href="#x1-150006" id="QQ2-1-15">PDF and HTML forms</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">6.1 <a href="#x1-160006.1" id="QQ2-1-16">Forms environment parameters</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">6.2 <a href="#x1-170006.2" id="QQ2-1-17">Forms optional parameters</a></span><br> <span class="sectionToc">7 <a href="#x1-180007" id="QQ2-1-18">Defining a new driver</a></span><br> <span class="sectionToc">8 <a href="#x1-190008" id="QQ2-1-19">Special support for other packages</a></span><br> <span class="sectionToc">9 <a href="#x1-200009" id="QQ2-1-20">History and acknowledgments</a></span><br> <span class="sectionToc">10 <a href="#x1-2100010" id="QQ2-1-21">GNU Free Documentation License</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">10.1 <a href="#x1-2300010.1" id="QQ2-1-23">Applicability and definitions</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">10.2 <a href="#x1-2400010.2" id="QQ2-1-24">Verbatim copying</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">10.3 <a href="#x1-2500010.3" id="QQ2-1-25">Copying in quantity</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">10.4 <a href="#x1-2600010.4" id="QQ2-1-26">Modifications</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">10.5 <a href="#x1-2700010.5" id="QQ2-1-27">Combining documents</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">10.6 <a href="#x1-2800010.6" id="QQ2-1-28">Collections of documents</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">10.7 <a href="#x1-2900010.7" id="QQ2-1-29">Aggregation with independent works</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">10.8 <a href="#x1-3000010.8" id="QQ2-1-30">Translation</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">10.9 <a href="#x1-3100010.9" id="QQ2-1-31">Termination</a></span><br> <span class="subsectionToc">10.10 <a href="#x1-3200010.10" id="QQ2-1-32">Future revisions of this license</a></span> </div><!--l. 123--><p class="noindent"> <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1 </span> <a id="x1-20001"></a>Introduction</h3><!--l. 125--><p class="noindent">The package derives from, and builds on, the work of the Hyper<span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> project, described at<a href="http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex/" class="url" ><span class="ectt-1000">http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex/</span></a>. It extends the functionality of all the <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span></span> cross-referencingcommands (including the table of contents, bibliographies etc) to produce <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">\special</span></span></span> commands which adriver can turn into hypertext links; it also provides new commands to allow the user to write <span class="ecti-1000">ad hoc</span>hypertext links, including those to external documents and URLs.<!--l. 133--><p class="indent"> This manual provides a brief overview of the <span class="ecss-1000">hyperref </span>package. For more details, you should read theadditional documentation distributed with the package, as well as the complete documentation byprocessing <span class="ectt-1000">hyperref.dtx</span>. You should also read the chapter on <span class="ecss-1000">hyperref </span>in <span class="ecti-1000">The </span><span class="LATEX"><span class="ecti-1000">L</span><span class="A"><span class="ecti-1000">A</span></span><span class="TEX"><span class="ecti-1000">T</span><span class="E"><span class="ecti-1000">E</span></span><span class="ecti-1000">X</span></span></span><span class="ecti-1000"> Web Companion</span>,where you will find additional examples.<!--l. 140--><p class="indent"> The Hyper<span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> specification<a href="manual2.html" id="manual2.html" ><sup>1</sup></a>says that conformant viewers/translators must recognize the following set of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">\special</span></span></span> constructs: <dl class="description"><dt class="description"><span class="ecbx-1000">href:</span> </dt><dd class="description"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">html:<a</span><span class="ectt-1000"> href</span><span class="ectt-1000"> =</span><span class="ectt-1000"> "href_string"></span></span></span> </dd><dt class="description"><span class="ecbx-1000">name:</span> </dt><dd class="description"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">html:<a</span><span class="ectt-1000"> name</span><span class="ectt-1000"> =</span><span class="ectt-1000"> "name_string"></span></span></span> </dd><dt class="description"><span class="ecbx-1000">end:</span> </dt><dd class="description"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">html:</a></span></span></span> </dd><dt class="description"><span class="ecbx-1000">image:</span> </dt><dd class="description"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">html:<img</span><span class="ectt-1000"> src</span><span class="ectt-1000"> =</span><span class="ectt-1000"> "href_string"></span></span></span> </dd><dt class="description"><span class="ecbx-1000">base_name:</span> </dt><dd class="description"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">html:<base</span><span class="ectt-1000"> href</span><span class="ectt-1000"> =</span><span class="ectt-1000"> "href_string"></span></span></span></dd></dl><!--l. 152--><p class="indent"> The <span class="ecti-1000">href</span>, <span class="ecti-1000">name </span>and <span class="ecti-1000">end </span>commands are used to do the basic hypertext operations of establishing linksbetween sections of documents. The <span class="ecti-1000">image </span>command is intended (as with current HTMLviewers) to place an image of arbitrary graphical format on the page in the current location.The <span class="ecti-1000">base_name </span>command is be used to communicate to the DVI viewer the full (URL)location of the current document so that files specified by relative URL’s may be retrievedcorrectly.<!--l. 161--><p class="indent"> The <span class="ecti-1000">href </span>and <span class="ecti-1000">name </span>commands must be paired with an <span class="ecti-1000">end </span>command later in the <span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> file—the<span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> commands between the two ends of a pair form an <span class="ecti-1000">anchor </span>in the document. In the case of an <span class="ecti-1000">href</span>command, the <span class="ecti-1000">anchor </span>is to be highlighted in the <span class="ecti-1000">DVI viewer</span>, and when clicked on will cause the scene toshift to the destination specified by <span class="ecti-1000">href_string</span>. The <span class="ecti-1000">anchor </span>associated with a name commandrepresents a possible location to which other hypertext links may refer, either as local references(of the form <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">href="#name_string"</span></span></span> with the <span class="ecti-1000">name_string </span>identical to the one in the namecommand) or as part of a URL (of the form <span class="ecti-1000">URL#name_string</span>). Here <span class="ecti-1000">href_string </span>is a valid URLor local identifier, while <span class="ecti-1000">name_string </span>could be any string at all: the only caveat is that ‘<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">"</span></span></span>’characters should be escaped with a backslash (<span class="cmsy-10">\</span>), and if it looks like a URL name it may causeproblems.<!--l. 177--><p class="indent"> However, the drivers intended to produce <span class="ecti-1000">only </span>PDF use literal PostScript or PDF <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">\special</span></span></span>commands. The commands are defined in configuration files for different drivers, selected by packageoptions; at present, the following drivers are supported: <dl class="description"><dt class="description"><span class="ecbx-1000">hypertex</span> </dt><dd class="description">DVI processors conforming to the Hyper<span class="TEX">T<span class="E">E</span>X</span> guidelines (i.e. <span class="ecss-1000">xdvi</span>, <span class="ecss-1000">dvips </span>(with the <span class="ecss-1000">-z</span> option), <span class="ecss-1000">OzTeX</span>, and <span class="ecss-1000">Textures</span>) </dd><dt class="description"><span class="ecbx-1000">dvips</span> </dt><dd class="description">produces <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">\special</span></span></span> commands tailored for <span class="ecss-1000">dvips</span> </dd><dt class="description"><span class="ecbx-1000">dvipsone</span> </dt><dd class="description">produces <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span class="ectt-1000">\special</span></span></span> commands tailored for <span class="ecss-1000">dvipsone</span> </dd><dt class="description"><span class="ecbx-1000">ps2pdf</span> </dt><dd class="description">a special case of output suitable for processing by earlier versions of Ghostscript’s PDF writer; this is basically the same as that for <span class="ecss-1000">dvips</span>, but a few variations remained before version 5.21 </dd><dt class="description"><span ⌨️ 快捷键说明
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