ksocketaddress.h

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/*  -*- C++ -*-
 *  Copyright (C) 2003 Thiago Macieira <[e-mail]>
 *
 *
 *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 *  a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 *  "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 *  without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 *  distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 *  permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 *  the following conditions:
 *
 *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included 
 *  in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 *  EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 *  MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 *  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
 *  LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
 *  OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 *  WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

#ifndef KSOCKETADDRESS_H
#define KSOCKETADDRESS_H

#include <qstring.h>
#include <qcstring.h>

#include <kdelibs_export.h>

struct sockaddr;
struct sockaddr_in;
struct sockaddr_in6;
struct sockaddr_un;

namespace KNetwork {

class KIpAddress;
class KSocketAddress;
class KInetSocketAddress;
class KUnixSocketAddress;

/** @class KIpAddress ksocketaddress.h ksocketaddress.h
 *  @brief An IP address.
 *
 * This class represents one IP address, version 4 or 6. This is only
 * the address, not including port information or other data.
 *
 * It is not a good programming practice to create address from objects
 * like this. Instead, prefer a more thorough function like
 * @ref KResolver::resolve, which also handle extra information like scope
 * ids.
 *
 * This is a light-weight class. Most of the member functions are inlined and
 * there are no virtual functions. This object's size should be less than 20
 * bytes. Also note that there is no sharing of data.
 *
 * @author Thiago Macieira <[e-mail]>
 */
class KDECORE_EXPORT KIpAddress
{
public:
  /**
   * Default constructor. Creates an empty address.
   * It defaults to IP version 4.
   */
  inline KIpAddress() : m_version(0)
  { }

  /**
   * Copy constructor. Copies the data from the other
   * object.
   *
   * Data is not shared.
   *
   * @param other		the other
   */
  inline KIpAddress(const KIpAddress& other)
  { *this = other; }

  /**
   * Creates an object from the given string representation.
   *
   * The IP version is guessed from the address format.
   *
   * @param addr		the address
   */
  inline KIpAddress(const QString& addr)
  { setAddress(addr); }

  /**
   * Creates an object from the given string representation.
   *
   * The IP version is guessed from the address format.
   *
   * @param addr		the address
   */
  inline KIpAddress(const char* addr)
  { setAddress(addr); }

  /**
   * Creates an object from the given raw data and IP version.
   *
   * @param addr		the raw data
   * @param version		the IP version (4 or 6)
   */
  inline KIpAddress(const void* addr, int version = 4)
  { setAddress(addr, version); }

  /**
   * This is a convenience constructor. Constructs an object
   * from the given IPv4 address in the form of an integer.
   *
   * Note: do not write code to depend on IPv4 addresses being
   * integer types. Instead, treat them as a special type, like
   * a KIpAddress or the system's in_addr.
   *
   * @param ip4addr		the IPv4 address
   */
  inline KIpAddress(Q_UINT32 ip4addr)
  { setAddress(&ip4addr, 4); }

  /**
   * Destructor. This frees resources associated with this object.
   *
   * Note: destructor is non-virtual. The compiler will happily optimise it
   * out of the way.
   */
  inline ~KIpAddress()
  { }

  /**
   * Copy operator.
   *
   * Copies the data from the other object into this one.
   *
   * @param other		the object to copy
   */
  KIpAddress& operator =(const KIpAddress& other);

  /**
   * Returns true if the two addresses match.
   * This function performs a v4-mapped check.
   * @see compare
   */
  inline bool operator ==(const KIpAddress& other) const
  { return compare(other, true); }

  /**
   * Compares this address against the other, supplied one and return
   * true if they match. The @p checkMapped parameter controls whether
   * a check for an IPv6 v4-mapped address will be performed.
   *
   * An IPv6 v4-mapped address is an IPv6 address that is, for all purposes,
   * equivalent to an IPv4 one. The default behaviour of this function
   * is to take that into account. If you want a strict matching,
   * pass @b false to the @p checkMapped parameter.
   *
   * @param other	the other IP address
   * @param checkMapped	whether v4-mapped addresses will be taken into account
   */
  bool compare(const KIpAddress& other, bool checkMapped = true) const;

  /**
   * Retrieves the IP version in this object.
   *
   * @returns the version: 4 or 6
   */
  inline int version() const
  { return m_version; }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv4 address.
   */
  inline bool isIPv4Addr() const
  { return version() == 4; }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv6 address.
   */
  inline bool isIPv6Addr() const
  { return version() == 6; }

  /**
   * Sets the address to the given string representation.
   *
   * @return true if the address was successfully parsed; otherwise returns
   * false and leaves the object unchanged.
   */
  bool setAddress(const QString& address);

  /**
   * Sets the address to the given string representation.
   *
   * @return true if the address was successfully parsed; otherwise returns
   * false and leaves the object unchanged.
   */
  bool setAddress(const char* address);

  /**
   * Sets the address to the given raw binary representation.
   *
   * @param raw			a pointer to the raw binary data
   * @param version		the IP version
   * @return true if the address was successfully parsed; otherwise returns
   * false and leaves the object unchanged.
   */
  bool setAddress(const void* raw, int version = 4);

  /**
   * Returns the address as a string.
   */
  QString toString() const;

  /**
   * Returns a pointer to binary raw data representing the address.
   */
  inline const void *addr() const
  { return m_data; }

  /**
   * This is a convenience function. Returns the IPv4 address in a
   * 32-bit integer. The result is only valid if @ref isIPv4Addr returns
   * true. Alternatively, if the contained IPv6 address is a v4-mapped one
   * and the @p convertMapped parameter is true, the result will also be
   * valid.
   *
   * Note: you should not treat IP addresses as integers. Instead,
   * use types defined for that purpose, such as KIpAddress or the
   * system's in_addr type.
   *
   * @bug Check if byte ordering is done right
   */
  inline Q_UINT32 IPv4Addr(bool convertMapped = true) const
  {
    return (convertMapped && isV4Mapped()) ? m_data[3] : m_data[0];
  }

  /*-- tests --*/

  /**
   * Returns true if this is the IPv4 or IPv6 unspecified address.
   */
  inline bool isUnspecified() const
  { return version() == 0 ? true : (*this == anyhostV4 || *this == anyhostV6); }

  /**
   *  Returns true if this is either the IPv4 or the IPv6 localhost address.
   */
  inline bool isLocalhost() const
  { return version() == 0 ? false : (*this == localhostV4 || *this == localhostV6); }

  /**
   * This is an alias for @ref isLocalhost.
   */
  inline bool isLoopback() const
  { return isLocalhost(); }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv4 class A address, i.e., 
   * from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255.
   *
   * This function does not test for v4-mapped addresses.
   */
  inline bool isClassA() const
  { return version() != 4 ? false : (IPv4Addr() & 0x80000000) == 0; }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv4 class B address, i.e., one from
   * 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255.
   *
   * This function does not test for v4-mapped addresses.
   */
  inline bool isClassB() const
  { return version() != 4 ? false : (IPv4Addr() & 0xc0000000) == 0x80000000; }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv4 class C address, i.e., one from
   * 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255.
   *
   * This function does not test for v4-mapped addresses.
   */
  inline bool isClassC() const
  { return version() != 4 ? false : (IPv4Addr() & 0xe0000000) == 0xc0000000; }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv4 class D (a.k.a. multicast) address.
   *
   * Note: this function is not the same as @ref isMulticast. isMulticast also
   * tests for IPv6 multicast addresses.
   */
  inline bool isClassD() const
  { return version() != 4 ? false : (IPv4Addr() & 0xf0000000) == 0xe0000000; }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is a multicast address, be it IPv4 or IPv6.
   */
  inline bool isMulticast() const
  {
    if (version() == 4) return isClassD();
    if (version() == 6) return ((Q_UINT8*)addr())[0] == 0xff;
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv6 link-local address.
   */
  inline bool isLinkLocal() const
  { 
    if (version() != 6) return false;
    Q_UINT8* addr = (Q_UINT8*)this->addr();
    return (addr[0] & 0xff) == 0xfe &&
      (addr[1] & 0xc0) == 0x80;
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv6 site-local address.
   */
  inline bool isSiteLocal() const
  {
    if (version() != 6) return false;
    Q_UINT8* addr = (Q_UINT8*)this->addr();
    return (addr[0] & 0xff) == 0xfe &&
      (addr[1] & 0xc0) == 0xc0;
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is a global IPv6 address.
   */
  inline bool isGlobal() const
  { return version() != 6 ? false : !(isMulticast() || isLinkLocal() || isSiteLocal()); }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is a v4-mapped IPv6 address.
   */
  inline bool isV4Mapped() const
  {
    if (version() != 6) return false;
    Q_UINT32* addr = (Q_UINT32*)this->addr();
    return addr[0] == 0 && addr[1] == 0 &&
      ((Q_UINT16*)&addr[2])[0] == 0 &&
      ((Q_UINT16*)&addr[2])[1] == 0xffff;
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is a v4-compat IPv6 address.
   */
  inline bool isV4Compat() const
  {
    if (version() != 6 || isLocalhost()) return false;
    Q_UINT32* addr = (Q_UINT32*)this->addr();
    return addr[0] == 0 && addr[1] == 0 && addr[2] == 0 && addr[3] != 0;
  }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv6 node-local multicast address.
   */
  inline bool isMulticastNodeLocal() const
  { return version() == 6 && isMulticast() && (((Q_UINT32*)addr())[0] & 0xf) == 0x1; }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv6 link-local multicast address.
   */
  inline bool isMulticastLinkLocal() const
  { return version() == 6 && isMulticast() && (((Q_UINT32*)addr())[0] & 0xf) == 0x2; }
      
  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv6 site-local multicast address.
   */
  inline bool isMulticastSiteLocal() const
  { return version() == 6 && isMulticast() && (((Q_UINT32*)addr())[0] & 0xf) == 0x5; }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv6 organisational-local multicast address.
   */
  inline bool isMulticastOrgLocal() const
  { return version() == 6 && isMulticast() && (((Q_UINT32*)addr())[0] & 0xf) == 0x8; }

  /**
   * Returns true if this is an IPv6 global multicast address.
   */
  inline bool isMulticastGlobal() const
  { return version() == 6 && isMulticast() && (((Q_UINT32*)addr())[0] & 0xf) == 0xe; }

protected:
  Q_UINT32 m_data[4];	       // 16 bytes, needed for an IPv6 address

  char m_version;

public:
  /// localhost in IPv4 (127.0.0.1)
  static const KIpAddress localhostV4;
  /// the any host or undefined address in IPv4 (0.0.0.0)
  static const KIpAddress anyhostV4;

  /// localhost in IPv6 (::1)
  static const KIpAddress localhostV6;
  /// the any host or undefined address in IPv6 (::)
  static const KIpAddress anyhostV6;
};


class KSocketAddressData;
/** @class KSocketAddress ksocketaddress.h ksocketaddress.h
 *  @brief A generic socket address.
 *
 * This class holds one generic socket address.
 *
 * @author Thiago Macieira <[e-mail]>
 */
class KDECORE_EXPORT KSocketAddress
{
public:
  /**
   * Default constructor.
   *
   * Creates an empty object
   */
  KSocketAddress();

  /**
   * Creates this object with the given data.
   * The raw socket address is copied into this object.
   *
   * @param sa		the socket address structure
   * @param len		the socket address length
   */
  KSocketAddress(const sockaddr* sa, Q_UINT16 len);

  /**
   * Copy constructor. This creates a copy of the other
   * object.
   *
   * Data is not shared.
   *
   * @param other	the object to copy from
   */
  KSocketAddress(const KSocketAddress& other);

  /**
   * Destructor. Frees any associated resources.
   */
  virtual ~KSocketAddress();

  /**
   * Performs a shallow copy of the other object into this one.
   * Data will be copied.
   *
   * @param other	the object to copy from
   */