stateinterpreter.scala

JAVA 语言的函数式编程扩展

package examples.monads;

object stateInterpreter {

  type State = int;

  val tickS = new M(s => Pair((), s + 1));

  case class M[A](in: State => Pair[A, State]) {
    def bind[B](k: A => M[B]) = M[B]{ s0 => 
      val Pair(a, s1) = this in s0; k(a) in s1
    }
    def map[B](f: A => B): M[B]        = bind(x => unitM(f(x)));
    def flatMap[B](f: A => M[B]): M[B] = bind(f);
  }

  def unitM[A](a: A) = M[A](s => Pair(a, s));

  def showM(m: M[Value]): String = {
    val Pair(a, s1) = m in 0;
    "Value: " + a + "; Count: " + s1
  }

  type Name = String;

  trait Term;
  case class Var(x: Name) extends Term;
  case class Con(n: int) extends Term;
  case class Add(l: Term, r: Term) extends Term;
  case class Lam(x: Name, body: Term) extends Term;
  case class App(fun: Term, arg: Term) extends Term;

  trait Value;
  case object Wrong extends Value {
   override def toString() = "wrong"
  }
  case class Num(n: int) extends Value {
    override def toString() = n.toString();
  }
  case class Fun(f: Value => M[Value]) extends Value {
    override def toString() = "<function>"
  }

  type Environment = List[Pair[Name, Value]];

  def lookup(x: Name, e: Environment): M[Value] = e match {
    case List() => unitM(Wrong)
    case Pair(y, b) :: e1 => if (x == y) unitM(b) else lookup(x, e1)
  }

  def add(a: Value, b: Value): M[Value] = Pair(a, b) match {
    case Pair(Num(m), Num(n)) => for (_ <- tickS) yield Num(m + n)
    case _ => unitM(Wrong)
  }

  def apply(a: Value, b: Value): M[Value] = a match {
    case Fun(k) => for (_ <- tickS; c <- k(b)) yield c
    case _ => unitM(Wrong)
  }

  def interp(t: Term, e: Environment): M[Value] = t match {
    case Var(x) => lookup(x, e)
    case Con(n) => unitM(Num(n))
    case Add(l, r) => for (a <- interp(l, e);
			   b <- interp(r, e);
			   c <- add(a, b))
                      yield c
    case Lam(x, t) => unitM(Fun(a => interp(t, Pair(x, a) :: e)))
    case App(f, t) => for (a <- interp(f, e);
			   b <- interp(t, e);
			   c <- apply(a, b))
		      yield c
  }

  def test(t: Term): String = 
    showM(interp(t, List()));

  val term0 = App(Lam("x", Add(Var("x"), Var("x"))), Add(Con(10), Con(11)));
  val term1 = App(Con(1), Con(2));

  def main(args: Array[String]) = {
    System.out.println(test(term0));
    System.out.println(test(term1));
  }
}