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and Java tools: </P><PRE>COMPONENT=RadioCountToLedsAppC
<B>BUILD_EXTRA_DEPS = RadioCountMsg.py RadioCountMsg.class</B>

RadioCountMsg.py: RadioCountToLeds.h
	mig python -target=$(PLATFORM) $(CFLAGS) -python-classname=RadioCountMsg RadioCountToLeds.h RadioCountMsg -o $@

RadioCountMsg.class: RadioCountMsg.java
	javac RadioCountMsg.java

RadioCountMsg.java: RadioCountToLeds.h
	mig java -target=$(PLATFORM) $(CFLAGS) -java-classname=RadioCountMsg RadioCountToLeds.h RadioCountMsg -o $@

include $(MAKERULES)
</PRE>
<P>The first and last line of this Makefile are the basic lines present in all 
TinyOS Makefiles; the line in bold defining BUILD_EXTRA_DEPS specifies some 
additional <I>make</I> targets to build alongside the main TinyOS application 
(if you are not familiar with make, this may be a good time to read a make 
tutorial, e.g., <A class="external text" 
title=http://oucsace.cs.ohiou.edu/~bhumphre/makefile.html 
href="http://oucsace.cs.ohiou.edu/~bhumphre/makefile.html" rel=nofollow>this 
one</A>). </P>
<P>When you compile RadioCountToLeds for the first time, you will see that the 
two extra targets, <CODE>RadioCountMsg.py</CODE> and 
<CODE>RadioCountMsg.class</CODE>, are automatically created: </P><PRE>$ make mica2
mkdir -p build/mica2
mig python -target=mica2  -python-classname=RadioCountMsg RadioCountToLeds.h RadioCountMsg -o RadioCountMsg.py
mig java -target=mica2  -java-classname=RadioCountMsg RadioCountToLeds.h RadioCountMsg -o RadioCountMsg.java
javac RadioCountMsg.java
    compiling RadioCountToLedsAppC to a mica2 binary
    ...
</PRE>
<P>As this Makefile is written, these generated files are not deleted when you 
execute <CODE>make clean</CODE>. Fix this by adding the following line: </P><PRE>CLEAN_EXTRA = $(BUILD_EXTRA_DEPS) RadioCountMsg.java
</PRE>
<P>to <CODE>apps/RadioCountToLeds/Makefile</CODE>. This defines the CLEAN_EXTRA 
make variable to be the same as BUILD_EXTRA_DEPS, with RadioCountMsg.java added 
to the end. The build system's <B>clean</B> target deletes all files in 
CLEAN_EXTRA: </P><PRE>$ make clean
rm -rf build RadioCountMsg.py RadioCountMsg.class RadioCountMsg.java
rm -rf _TOSSIMmodule.so TOSSIM.pyc TOSSIM.py
</PRE>
<P>Finally, to see how to pass options to the nesC compiler, we will change 
RadioCountToLeds's source code to set the message sending period based on the 
preprocessor symbol <CODE>SEND_PERIOD</CODE>. Change the line in 
<CODE>RadioCountToLedsC.nc</CODE> that reads </P><PRE> call MilliTimer.startPeriodic(1000);
</PRE>
<P>to </P><PRE> call MilliTimer.startPeriodic(SEND_PERIOD);
</PRE>
<P>and add the following line to RadioCountToLeds's Makefile: </P><PRE>CFLAGS += -DSEND_PERIOD=2000
</PRE>
<P>Note the use of <CODE>+=</CODE> when defining CFLAGS: this allows the user to 
also pass options to nesC when invoking make as we saw above (<CODE>env CFLAGS=x 
make ...</CODE>). </P>
<P>Now compiling RadioCountToLeds gives: </P><PRE>$ make mica2
    ...
    compiling RadioCountToLedsAppC to a mica2 binary
ncc -o build/mica2/main.exe ... <B>-DSEND_PERIOD=2000</B> ... RadioCountToLedsAppC.nc -lm
    compiled RadioCountToLedsAppC to build/mica2/main.exe
    ...
</PRE><A name=TinyOS_Tools></A>
<H1><SPAN class=mw-headline>TinyOS Tools</SPAN></H1>
<P>The TinyOS build system is designed to make it easier to write Makefiles for 
applications that support multiple platforms, programmers, etc in a uniform way. 
However, it's use is not compulsory, and all the tools it is built on can be 
used in your own build system (e.g., your own Makefile or simple build script). 
Below we show how to build and install the RadioCountToLeds application for a 
micaz with the mib510 programmer using just a few commands. </P>
<P>First, we compile RadioCountToLedsAppC.nc (the main component of the 
application) using the nesC compiler, ncc: </P><PRE>$ ncc -target=micaz -o rcl.exe -Os -finline-limit=100000 -Wnesc-all -Wall RadioCountToLedsAppC.nc
</PRE>
<P>This generates an executable file, <CODE>rcl.exe</CODE>. Next, we want to 
install this program on a mote with mote id 15. First, we create a new 
executable, <CODE>rcl.exe-15</CODE>, where the variables storing the mote's 
identity are changed to 15, using the <CODE>tos-set-symbols</CODE> command: </P><PRE>$ tos-set-symbols rcl.exe rcl.exe-15 TOS_NODE_ID=15 ActiveMessageAddressC\$addr=15
</PRE>
<P>Finally, we install this executable on the micaz using <CODE>uisp</CODE>, to 
a mib510 programmer connected to port /dev/ttyUSB1: </P><PRE>$ uisp -dpart=ATmega128 -dprog=mib510 -dserial=/dev/ttyUSB1 --erase --upload if=rcl.exe-15
Firmware Version: 2.1
Atmel AVR ATmega128 is found.
Uploading: flash
</PRE>
<P>If you wish to follow this route, note two things: first, you can find out 
what commands the build system is executing by passing the <CODE>-n</CODE> 
option to make, which tells it to print rather than execute commands: </P><PRE>$ make -n micaz install.15 mib510
mkdir -p build/micaz
echo "    compiling RadioCountToLedsAppC to a micaz binary"
ncc -o build/micaz/main.exe -Os -finline-limit=100000 -Wall -Wshadow -Wnesc-all -target=micaz 
-fnesc-cfile=build/micaz/app.c -board=micasb  -fnesc-dump=wiring -fnesc-dump='interfaces(!abstract())' 
-fnesc-dump='referenced(interfacedefs, components)' -fnesc-dumpfile=build/micaz/wiring-check.xml RadioCountToLedsAppC.nc -lm
nescc-wiring build/micaz/wiring-check.xml
...
</PRE>
<P>Second, all the commands invoked by the build system should have man pages 
describing their behaviour and options. For instance, try the following 
commands: </P><PRE>$ man tos-set-symbols
$ man ncc
$ man nescc
</PRE><A name=Related_Documentation></A>
<H1><SPAN class=mw-headline>Related Documentation</SPAN></H1>
<UL>
  <LI>mica mote Getting Started Guide at <A class="external text" 
  title=http://www.xbow.com href="http://www.xbow.com/" 
  rel=nofollow>Crossbow</A> 
  <LI>telos mote Getting Started Guide for <A class="external text" 
  title=http://www.moteiv.com href="http://www.moteiv.com/" 
  rel=nofollow>Moteiv</A> 
  <LI><A title="Getting Started with TinyOS" 
  href="http://docs.tinyos.net/index.php/Getting_Started_with_TinyOS">Lesson 
  1</A> introduced the build system. 
  <LI><A title=Platforms 
  href="http://docs.tinyos.net/index.php/Platforms">Lesson 10</A> describes how 
  to add a new platform to the build system. 
  <LI>GNU make man page. 
  <LI>man pages for the nesC compiler (man ncc, man nescc) and the various 
  TinyOS tools. </LI></UL>
<P><BR></P>
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