三十分钟掌握stl.htm

标准模板库基础教程

            lang=EN-US>list</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中的对象。函数本身与他们操作的数据的结构和类型无关，因此他们可以在从简单数组到高度复杂容器的任何数据结构上使用。</SPAN></P>
            <H3><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt">头文件</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></H3>
            <P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了避免和其他头文件冲突，</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US> STL</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的头文件不再使用常规的</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>.h</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">扩展。为了包含标准的</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>string</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">类，迭代器和算法，用下面的指示符：</SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>#include &lt;string&gt;</SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>#include &lt;iterator&gt;</SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>#include &lt;algorithm&gt;</SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如果你查看</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>STL</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的头文件，你可以看到象</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>iterator.h</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>stl_iterator.h</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样的头文件。由于这些名字在各种</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>STL</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实现之间都可能不同，你应该避免使用这些名字来引用这些头文件。为了确保可移植性，使用相应的没有</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>.h</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后缀的文件名。表</SPAN><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN 
            style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">列出了最常使用的各种容器类的头文件。该表并不完整，对于其他头文件，我将在本章和后面的两章中介绍。</SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
            <P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表</SPAN></B><B><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> 1. STL</SPAN></B><B><SPAN 
            style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">头文件和容器类</SPAN></B><SPAN 
            lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P>
            <DIV align=center>
            <TABLE style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt" cellSpacing=3 cellPadding=0 
            border=1>
              <THEAD>
              <TR>
                <TD 
                style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt" 
                vAlign=top>
                  <P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><TT><B><SPAN 
                  lang=EN-US 
                  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">#include</SPAN></B></TT><B><SPAN 
                  lang=EN-US><O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></P></TD>
                <TD 
                style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt" 
                vAlign=top>
                  <P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN 
                  lang=EN-US>Container 
              Class<O:P></O:P></SPAN></B></P></TD></TR></THEAD>
              <TBODY>
              <TR>
                <TD 
                style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt" 
                vAlign=top>
                  <P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><TT><SPAN 
                  lang=EN-US 
                  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">&lt;deque&gt;</SPAN></TT></P></TD>
                <TD 
                style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt" 
                vAlign=top>
                  <P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><TT><SPAN 
                  lang=EN-US 
                  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">deque</SPAN></TT></P></TD></TR>
              <TR>
                <TD 
                style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt" 
                vAlign=top>
                  <P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><TT><SPAN 
                  lang=EN-US 
                  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">&lt;list&gt;</SPAN></TT></P></TD>
                <TD 
                style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt" 
                vAlign=top>
                  <P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><TT><SPAN 
                  lang=EN-US 
                  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">list</SPAN></TT></P></TD></TR>
              <TR>
                <TD 
                style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt" 
                vAlign=top>
                  <P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><TT><SPAN 
                  lang=EN-US 
                  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">&lt;map&gt;</SPAN></TT></P></TD>
                <TD 
                style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt" 
                vAlign=top>
                  <P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><TT><SPAN 
                  lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">map, 
                  multimap</SPAN></TT></P></TD></TR>
              <TR>
                <TD 
                style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt" 
                vAlign=top>
                  <P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><TT><SPAN 
                  lang=EN-US 
                  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">&lt;queue&gt;</SPAN></TT></P></TD>
                <TD 
                style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt" 
                vAlign=top>
                  <P style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><TT><SPAN 
                  lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">queue, 
                  priority_queue</SPAN></TT></P></TD></TR>
              <TR>
                <TD 
                style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt"