pcm.c

LINUX下基于ALSA音频驱动的应用程序

/*
 *  This small demo sends a simple sinusoidal wave to your speakers.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include "../include/asoundlib.h"
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <math.h>

static char *device = "plughw:0,0";                     /* playback device */
static snd_pcm_format_t format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;    /* sample format */
static unsigned int rate = 44100;                       /* stream rate */
static unsigned int channels = 1;                       /* count of channels */
static unsigned int buffer_time = 500000;               /* ring buffer length in us */
static unsigned int period_time = 100000;               /* period time in us */
static double freq = 440;                               /* sinusoidal wave frequency in Hz */
static int verbose = 0;                         /* verbose flag */
static int resample = 1;                                /* enable alsa-lib resampling */

static snd_pcm_sframes_t buffer_size;
static snd_pcm_sframes_t period_size;
static snd_output_t *output = NULL;

static void generate_sine(const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas, 
                          snd_pcm_uframes_t offset,
                          int count, double *_phase)
{
        static double max_phase = 2. * M_PI;
        double phase = *_phase;
        double step = max_phase*freq/(double)rate;
        double res;
        unsigned char *samples[channels], *tmp;
        int steps[channels];
        unsigned int chn, byte;
        int ires;
        unsigned int maxval = (1 << (snd_pcm_format_width(format) - 1)) - 1;
        int bps = snd_pcm_format_width(format) / 8;  /* bytes per sample */
        
        /* verify and prepare the contents of areas */
        for (chn = 0; chn < channels; chn++) {
                if ((areas[chn].first % 8) != 0) {
                        printf("areas[%i].first == %i, aborting...\n", chn, areas[chn].first);
                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                samples[chn] = /*(signed short *)*/(((unsigned char *)areas[chn].addr) + (areas[chn].first / 8));
                if ((areas[chn].step % 16) != 0) {
                        printf("areas[%i].step == %i, aborting...\n", chn, areas[chn].step);
                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                steps[chn] = areas[chn].step / 8;
                samples[chn] += offset * steps[chn];
        }
        /* fill the channel areas */
        while (count-- > 0) {
                res = sin(phase) * maxval;
                ires = res;
                tmp = (unsigned char *)(&ires);
                for (chn = 0; chn < channels; chn++) {
                        for (byte = 0; byte < (unsigned int)bps; byte++)
                                *(samples[chn] + byte) = tmp[byte];
                        samples[chn] += steps[chn];
                }
                phase += step;
                if (phase >= max_phase)
                        phase -= max_phase;
        }
        *_phase = phase;
}

static int set_hwparams(snd_pcm_t *handle,
                        snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params,
                        snd_pcm_access_t access)
{
        unsigned int rrate;
        snd_pcm_uframes_t size;
        int err, dir;

        /* choose all parameters */
        err = snd_pcm_hw_params_any(handle, params);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Broken configuration for playback: no configurations available: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        /* set hardware resampling */
        err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample(handle, params, resample);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Resampling setup failed for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        /* set the interleaved read/write format */
        err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(handle, params, access);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Access type not available for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        /* set the sample format */
        err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params, format);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Sample format not available for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        /* set the count of channels */
        err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(handle, params, channels);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Channels count (%i) not available for playbacks: %s\n", channels, snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        /* set the stream rate */
        rrate = rate;
        err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(handle, params, &rrate, 0);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Rate %iHz not available for playback: %s\n", rate, snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        if (rrate != rate) {
                printf("Rate doesn't match (requested %iHz, get %iHz)\n", rate, err);
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        /* set the buffer time */
        err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_time_near(handle, params, &buffer_time, &dir);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Unable to set buffer time %i for playback: %s\n", buffer_time, snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        err = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size(params, &size);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Unable to get buffer size for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        buffer_size = size;
        /* set the period time */
        err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_time_near(handle, params, &period_time, &dir);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Unable to set period time %i for playback: %s\n", period_time, snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        err = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(params, &size, &dir);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Unable to get period size for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        period_size = size;
        /* write the parameters to device */
        err = snd_pcm_hw_params(handle, params);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Unable to set hw params for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int set_swparams(snd_pcm_t *handle, snd_pcm_sw_params_t *swparams)
{
        int err;

        /* get the current swparams */
        err = snd_pcm_sw_params_current(handle, swparams);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Unable to determine current swparams for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        /* start the transfer when the buffer is almost full: */
        /* (buffer_size / avail_min) * avail_min */
        err = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold(handle, swparams, (buffer_size / period_size) * period_size);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Unable to set start threshold mode for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        /* allow the transfer when at least period_size samples can be processed */
        err = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min(handle, swparams, period_size);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Unable to set avail min for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        /* align all transfers to 1 sample */
        err = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_xfer_align(handle, swparams, 1);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Unable to set transfer align for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        /* write the parameters to the playback device */
        err = snd_pcm_sw_params(handle, swparams);
        if (err < 0) {
                printf("Unable to set sw params for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 *   Underrun and suspend recovery
 */
 
static int xrun_recovery(snd_pcm_t *handle, int err)
{
        if (err == -EPIPE) {    /* under-run */
                err = snd_pcm_prepare(handle);
                if (err < 0)
                        printf("Can't recovery from underrun, prepare failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return 0;
        } else if (err == -ESTRPIPE) {
                while ((err = snd_pcm_resume(handle)) == -EAGAIN)
                        sleep(1);       /* wait until the suspend flag is released */
                if (err < 0) {
                        err = snd_pcm_prepare(handle);
                        if (err < 0)
                                printf("Can't recovery from suspend, prepare failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                }
                return 0;
        }
        return err;
}

/*
 *   Transfer method - write only
 */

static int write_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
                      signed short *samples,
                      snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
{
        double phase = 0;
        signed short *ptr;
        int err, cptr;

        while (1) {
                generate_sine(areas, 0, period_size, &phase);
                ptr = samples;
                cptr = period_size;
                while (cptr > 0) {
                        err = snd_pcm_writei(handle, ptr, cptr);
                        if (err == -EAGAIN)
                                continue;
                        if (err < 0) {
                                if (xrun_recovery(handle, err) < 0) {
                                        printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                                }
                                break;  /* skip one period */
                        }
                        ptr += err * channels;
                        cptr -= err;
                }
        }
}
 
/*
 *   Transfer method - write and wait for room in buffer using poll
 */

static int wait_for_poll(snd_pcm_t *handle, struct pollfd *ufds, unsigned int count)
{
        unsigned short revents;

        while (1) {
                poll(ufds, count, -1);
                snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents(handle, ufds, count, &revents);
                if (revents & POLLERR)
                        return -EIO;
                if (revents & POLLOUT)
                        return 0;
        }
}

static int write_and_poll_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
                               signed short *samples,
                               snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
{
        struct pollfd *ufds;
        double phase = 0;
        signed short *ptr;
        int err, count, cptr, init;

        count = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count (handle);
        if (count <= 0) {
                printf("Invalid poll descriptors count\n");
                return count;
        }

        ufds = malloc(sizeof(struct pollfd) * count);
        if (ufds == NULL) {
                printf("No enough memory\n");
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        if ((err = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors(handle, ufds, count)) < 0) {
                printf("Unable to obtain poll descriptors for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
                return err;
        }

        init = 1;