📄 c++的iostream标准库介绍.htm

📁 C++的iostream标准库介绍。希望能帮助你。
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<H2><A name=C++的iostream标准库介绍></A>C++的iostream标准库介绍 </H2>作者:管宁 
<DIV class=twikiToc>
<UL>
  <LI><A 
  href="http://www.stlchina.org/twiki/bin/view.pl/Main/STLIOStreamIntro#C++的iostream标准库介绍">C++的iostream标准库介绍</A> 

  <UL>
    <LI><A 
    href="http://www.stlchina.org/twiki/bin/view.pl/Main/STLIOStreamIntro#0 为什么需要iostream">0 
    为什么需要iostream</A> 
    <LI><A 
    href="http://www.stlchina.org/twiki/bin/view.pl/Main/STLIOStreamIntro#1 iostream: istream 和 ostream">1 
    iostream: istream 和 ostream</A> 
    <LI><A 
    href="http://www.stlchina.org/twiki/bin/view.pl/Main/STLIOStreamIntro#2 fstream: ifstream 和 ofstream">2 
    fstream: ifstream 和 ofstream</A> 
    <LI><A 
    href="http://www.stlchina.org/twiki/bin/view.pl/Main/STLIOStreamIntro#3 strstream: ostrstream 和 istrs">3 
    strstream: ostrstream 和 istrstream</A> 
    <LI><A 
    href="http://www.stlchina.org/twiki/bin/view.pl/Main/STLIOStreamIntro#4 stringstream">4 
    stringstream</A> 
    <LI><A 
    href="http://www.stlchina.org/twiki/bin/view.pl/Main/STLIOStreamIntro#5 io_state 输入/输出的状态标志">5 
    io_state 输入/输出的状态标志</A> </LI></UL></LI></UL></DIV>
<H3><A name="0 为什么需要iostream"></A>0 为什么需要iostream 
</H3>我们从一开始就一直在利用C++的输入输出在做着各种练习，输入输出是由iostream库提供的，所以讨论此标准库是有必要的，它与C语言的 
stdio库不同，它从一开始就是用多重继承与虚拟继承实现的面向对象的层次结构，作为一个c++的标准库组件提供给程序员使用。 
<P>　　iostream为内置类型类型对象提供了输入输出支持，同时也支持文件的输入输出，类的设计者可以通过对iostream库的扩展，来支持自定义类型的输入输出操作。 

<P>　　为什么说要扩展才能提供支持呢？我们来一个示例。 
<DIV class=fragment><PRE><FONT color=navy>#include</FONT> &lt;stdio.h&gt; 
<FONT color=navy>#include</FONT> &lt;iostream&gt; 
<FONT color=brown>using</FONT> <FONT color=brown>namespace</FONT> std;     

<FONT color=brown>class</FONT> Test 
{ 
        <FONT color=brown>public</FONT>: 
        Test(<FONT color=brown>int</FONT> a=0,<FONT color=brown>int</FONT> b=0) 
        { 
                Test::a=a; 
                Test::b=b; 
        } 
        <FONT color=brown>int</FONT> a; 
        <FONT color=brown>int</FONT> b; 
}; 
<FONT color=brown>int</FONT> main() 
{
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