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lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)(6)borrow</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>／</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>n+1(</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>借车／拥有车的数量</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>+1)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(7)penalty and n=0(</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>罚款并且拥有车的数量为</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>0)(8)3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>［问题</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>3</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>］<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>【答案】活动图</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(activity diagram)</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>显示动作及其结果。活动图着重描述操作</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>方法</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>实现中所完成的工作以及用例实例或对象中的活动。活动图是状态图的一个变种，与状态图的目的有一些小的差别，活动图的主要目的是描述动作</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>执行的工作和活动</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>及对象状态改变的结果。当状态中的动作被执行</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>不像正常的状态图，它不需指定任何事件</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>时，活动图中的状态</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>称为动作状态</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>直接转移到下一个阶段。活动图和状态图的另一个区别是活动图中的动作可以放在泳道中。泳道聚合一组活动，并指定负责人和所属组织。活动图是另一种描述交互的方式，描述采取何种动作，做什么</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对象状态改变</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，何时发生</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>动作序列</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，以及在何处发生</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>泳道</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>【解析】根据题意可以分析出车辆的状态和事件，例如根据<span
lang=EN-US>"车库不定期地购买并注册新车供用户借用，也可将报废的旧车注销以停止租用"，可以得出</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(1)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(2)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>空分别是注销旧车的注册和车辆注册。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(3)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>空可以从在库状态和在借状态的合理推断，得出从在借状态到在库状态只有一种事件<span
lang=EN-US>--"归还"。从在借状态到终结状态，也只有一种可能性，那就是遗失。<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>根据题意<span
lang=EN-US>"注销用户之前，该用户必须归还所有借的车，或者报失并接受罚款"，得出从"</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>No Car</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>"到终结状态的事件</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(5)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>空是</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>cancel register(</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>注销用户的注册</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。根据从<span
lang=EN-US>"</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>No
Car</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>"到"</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>Has Car</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>"的事件</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(6)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>空是</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>borrow(</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>借车</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，同时已知用户可以借多辆车，当前拥有车</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>n</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>辆，所以需要</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>n+1</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。根据<span
lang=EN-US>"若用户借的车丢失，在罚款处理之前不能借车"可知</span></span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(7)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>空是</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>penalty(</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>罚款</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>，同时状态从<span
lang=EN-US>"</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>Has
Car</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>"到达"</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>No Car</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>"说明</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>n=0</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。根据<span
lang=EN-US>"每个用户最多可同时借</span></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt'>3</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>辆车<span lang=EN-US>"，可以得出</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(8)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>空为</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>3</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;mso-layout-grid-align:
none;text-autospace:none'><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>所有的系统均有静态结构和动态行为。结构可以用静态模型元素来描述，如类、关系、节点和构件。行为描述结构内的元素如何交互。通常情况下，这些交互是确定的且可以建立模型。抽象系统的动态行为也称为动态建模，</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>UML</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>支持动态建模。在</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>UML</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>中有</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>4</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>类图，每一类用于不同的目的：状态、序列、协作和活动。状态图被用来描述类</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>(</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>也可以用于子系统或整个系统</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>)</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>中的行为和内部状态。它着眼于描述随着时间的改变，对象如何改变其状态。状态的改变起决于出现的事件，状态中执行的行为和动作，状态转移等。事件可能是条件成真，接收一个信号或一个操作调用或经过指定时间。序列图主要用来描述在指定情节中一组对象是如何交互的。它着眼于消息序列，也就是说，在对象间如何发送和接收消息。序列图有两个坐标轴：纵坐标轴显示时间，横坐标轴显示有关的对象。序列图中最基本的东西是时间。协作图主要用来描述对象在空间中的交互，即除了动态交互，它也直接描述对象是如何链接在一起的。在协作图中没有时间轴，因而将消息按序编号。</span><span
style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"MS Sans Serif";mso-font-kerning:0pt;
mso-ansi-language:ZH-CN'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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