fork.c

中科院徐志伟老师一书《操作系统 原理·技术与编程》的源代码和习题接

/*
 *  linux/kernel/fork.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 */

/*
 *  'fork.c' contains the help-routines for the 'fork' system call
 * (see also entry.S and others).
 * Fork is rather simple, once you get the hang of it, but the memory
 * management can be a bitch. See 'mm/memory.c': 'copy_page_range()'
 */

#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>
#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/personality.h>

#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>

/* The idle threads do not count.. */
int nr_threads;
int nr_running;

int max_threads;
unsigned long total_forks;	/* Handle normal Linux uptimes. */
int last_pid;

struct task_struct *pidhash[PIDHASH_SZ];

void add_wait_queue(wait_queue_head_t *q, wait_queue_t * wait)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	wait->flags &= ~WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE;
	wq_write_lock_irqsave(&q->lock, flags);
	__add_wait_queue(q, wait);
	wq_write_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock, flags);
}

void add_wait_queue_exclusive(wait_queue_head_t *q, wait_queue_t * wait)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	wait->flags |= WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE;
	wq_write_lock_irqsave(&q->lock, flags);
	__add_wait_queue_tail(q, wait);
	wq_write_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock, flags);
}

void remove_wait_queue(wait_queue_head_t *q, wait_queue_t * wait)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	wq_write_lock_irqsave(&q->lock, flags);
	__remove_wait_queue(q, wait);
	wq_write_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock, flags);
}

void __init fork_init(unsigned long mempages)
{
	/*
	 * The default maximum number of threads is set to a safe
	 * value: the thread structures can take up at most half
	 * of memory.
	 */
	max_threads = mempages / (THREAD_SIZE/PAGE_SIZE) / 8;

	init_task.rlim[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_cur = max_threads/2;
	init_task.rlim[RLIMIT_NPROC].rlim_max = max_threads/2;
}

/* Protects next_safe and last_pid. */
spinlock_t lastpid_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;

static int get_pid(unsigned long flags)
{
	static int next_safe = PID_MAX;
	struct task_struct *p;
	int pid;

	if (flags & CLONE_PID)
		return current->pid;

	spin_lock(&lastpid_lock);
	if((++last_pid) & 0xffff8000) {
		last_pid = 300;		/* Skip daemons etc. */
		goto inside;
	}
	if(last_pid >= next_safe) {
inside:
		next_safe = PID_MAX;
		read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	repeat:
		for_each_task(p) {
			if(p->pid == last_pid	||
			   p->pgrp == last_pid	||
			   p->tgid == last_pid	||
			   p->session == last_pid) {
				if(++last_pid >= next_safe) {
					if(last_pid & 0xffff8000)
						last_pid = 300;
					next_safe = PID_MAX;
				}
				goto repeat;
			}
			if(p->pid > last_pid && next_safe > p->pid)
				next_safe = p->pid;
			if(p->pgrp > last_pid && next_safe > p->pgrp)
				next_safe = p->pgrp;
			if(p->session > last_pid && next_safe > p->session)
				next_safe = p->session;
		}
		read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
	}
	pid = last_pid;
	spin_unlock(&lastpid_lock);

	return pid;
}

static inline int dup_mmap(struct mm_struct * mm)
{
	struct vm_area_struct * mpnt, *tmp, **pprev;
	int retval;

	flush_cache_mm(current->mm);
	mm->locked_vm = 0;
	mm->mmap = NULL;
	mm->mmap_cache = NULL;
	mm->map_count = 0;
	mm->rss = 0;
	mm->cpu_vm_mask = 0;
	mm->swap_address = 0;
	pprev = &mm->mmap;

	/*
	 * Add it to the mmlist after the parent.
	 * Doing it this way means that we can order the list,
	 * and fork() won't mess up the ordering significantly.
	 * Add it first so that swapoff can see any swap entries.
	 */
	spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
	list_add(&mm->mmlist, &current->mm->mmlist);
	mmlist_nr++;
	spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);

	for (mpnt = current->mm->mmap ; mpnt ; mpnt = mpnt->vm_next) {
		struct file *file;

		retval = -ENOMEM;
		if(mpnt->vm_flags & VM_DONTCOPY)
			continue;
		tmp = kmem_cache_alloc(vm_area_cachep, SLAB_KERNEL);
		if (!tmp)
			goto fail_nomem;
		*tmp = *mpnt;
		tmp->vm_flags &= ~VM_LOCKED;
		tmp->vm_mm = mm;
		tmp->vm_next = NULL;
		file = tmp->vm_file;
		if (file) {
			struct inode *inode = file->f_dentry->d_inode;
			get_file(file);
			if (tmp->vm_flags & VM_DENYWRITE)
				atomic_dec(&inode->i_writecount);
      
			/* insert tmp into the share list, just after mpnt */
			spin_lock(&inode->i_mapping->i_shared_lock);
			if((tmp->vm_next_share = mpnt->vm_next_share) != NULL)
				mpnt->vm_next_share->vm_pprev_share =
					&tmp->vm_next_share;
			mpnt->vm_next_share = tmp;
			tmp->vm_pprev_share = &mpnt->vm_next_share;
			spin_unlock(&inode->i_mapping->i_shared_lock);
		}

		/*
		 * Link in the new vma and copy the page table entries:
		 * link in first so that swapoff can see swap entries.
		 */
		spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
		*pprev = tmp;
		pprev = &tmp->vm_next;
		mm->map_count++;
		retval = copy_page_range(mm, current->mm, tmp);
		spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);

		if (tmp->vm_ops && tmp->vm_ops->open)
			tmp->vm_ops->open(tmp);

		if (retval)
			goto fail_nomem;
	}
	retval = 0;
	build_mmap_rb(mm);

fail_nomem:
	flush_tlb_mm(current->mm);
	return retval;
}

spinlock_t mmlist_lock __cacheline_aligned = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
int mmlist_nr;

#define allocate_mm()	(kmem_cache_alloc(mm_cachep, SLAB_KERNEL))
#define free_mm(mm)	(kmem_cache_free(mm_cachep, (mm)))

static struct mm_struct * mm_init(struct mm_struct * mm)
{
	atomic_set(&mm->mm_users, 1);
	atomic_set(&mm->mm_count, 1);
	init_rwsem(&mm->mmap_sem);
	mm->page_table_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
	mm->pgd = pgd_alloc(mm);
	mm->def_flags = 0;
	if (mm->pgd)
		return mm;
	free_mm(mm);
	return NULL;
}
	

/*
 * Allocate and initialize an mm_struct.
 */
struct mm_struct * mm_alloc(void)
{
	struct mm_struct * mm;

	mm = allocate_mm();
	if (mm) {
		memset(mm, 0, sizeof(*mm));
		return mm_init(mm);
	}
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * Called when the last reference to the mm
 * is dropped: either by a lazy thread or by
 * mmput. Free the page directory and the mm.
 */
inline void __mmdrop(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	if (mm == &init_mm) BUG();
	pgd_free(mm->pgd);
	destroy_context(mm);
	free_mm(mm);
}

/*
 * Decrement the use count and release all resources for an mm.
 */
void mmput(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	if (atomic_dec_and_lock(&mm->mm_users, &mmlist_lock)) {
		extern struct mm_struct *swap_mm;
		if (swap_mm == mm)
			swap_mm = list_entry(mm->mmlist.next, struct mm_struct, mmlist);
		list_del(&mm->mmlist);
		mmlist_nr--;
		spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
		exit_mmap(mm);
		mmdrop(mm);
	}
}

/* Please note the differences between mmput and mm_release.
 * mmput is called whenever we stop holding onto a mm_struct,
 * error success whatever.
 *
 * mm_release is called after a mm_struct has been removed
 * from the current process.
 *
 * This difference is important for error handling, when we
 * only half set up a mm_struct for a new process and need to restore
 * the old one.  Because we mmput the new mm_struct before
 * restoring the old one. . .
 * Eric Biederman 10 January 1998
 */
void mm_release(void)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk = current;
	struct completion *vfork_done = tsk->vfork_done;

	/* notify parent sleeping on vfork() */
	if (vfork_done) {
		tsk->vfork_done = NULL;
		complete(vfork_done);
	}
}

static int copy_mm(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct * tsk)
{
	struct mm_struct * mm, *oldmm;
	int retval;

	tsk->min_flt = tsk->maj_flt = 0;
	tsk->cmin_flt = tsk->cmaj_flt = 0;
	tsk->nswap = tsk->cnswap = 0;

	tsk->mm = NULL;
	tsk->active_mm = NULL;

	/*
	 * Are we cloning a kernel thread?
	 *
	 * We need to steal a active VM for that..
	 */
	oldmm = current->mm;
	if (!oldmm)
		return 0;

	if (clone_flags & CLONE_VM) {
		atomic_inc(&oldmm->mm_users);
		mm = oldmm;
		goto good_mm;
	}

	retval = -ENOMEM;
	mm = allocate_mm();
	if (!mm)
		goto fail_nomem;

	/* Copy the current MM stuff.. */
	memcpy(mm, oldmm, sizeof(*mm));
	if (!mm_init(mm))
		goto fail_nomem;

	down_write(&oldmm->mmap_sem);
	retval = dup_mmap(mm);
	up_write(&oldmm->mmap_sem);

	if (retval)
		goto free_pt;

	/*
	 * child gets a private LDT (if there was an LDT in the parent)
	 */
	copy_segments(tsk, mm);

	if (init_new_context(tsk,mm))
		goto free_pt;

good_mm:
	tsk->mm = mm;
	tsk->active_mm = mm;
	return 0;

free_pt:
	mmput(mm);
fail_nomem:
	return retval;
}

static inline struct fs_struct *__copy_fs_struct(struct fs_struct *old)
{
	struct fs_struct *fs = kmem_cache_alloc(fs_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
	/* We don't need to lock fs - think why ;-) */
	if (fs) {
		atomic_set(&fs->count, 1);
		fs->lock = RW_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
		fs->umask = old->umask;
		read_lock(&old->lock);
		fs->rootmnt = mntget(old->rootmnt);
		fs->root = dget(old->root);
		fs->pwdmnt = mntget(old->pwdmnt);
		fs->pwd = dget(old->pwd);
		if (old->altroot) {
			fs->altrootmnt = mntget(old->altrootmnt);
			fs->altroot = dget(old->altroot);
		} else {
			fs->altrootmnt = NULL;
			fs->altroot = NULL;
		}	
		read_unlock(&old->lock);
	}
	return fs;
}

struct fs_struct *copy_fs_struct(struct fs_struct *old)
{
	return __copy_fs_struct(old);
}

static inline int copy_fs(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct * tsk)
{
	if (clone_flags & CLONE_FS) {
		atomic_inc(&current->fs->count);
		return 0;
	}
	tsk->fs = __copy_fs_struct(current->fs);
	if (!tsk->fs)
		return -1;
	return 0;
}