english2.txt

简单的词法分析器做的比较简单全当测试上传了。

New Zeland Location:


New Zealand is in the Southern Hemisphere, lying between 34 and 46 degrees of latitude south in the Pacific Ocean. This puts us at about the same distance from the equator as Spain or California. Our nearest large neighbour is Australia which is 1500Km (930 miles) to the west. 

2200Km / 1350miles to the south, across the Southern Ocean, lies the frozen desert continent of Antarctica
We lie just west of the International Date Line and were among the first into the new millennium. Our time in 12-13 hours ahead of Western Europe and 18-21 ahead of continental USA. 


New Zealand Geography:

New Zealand consists of two large islands, North Island and South Island, plus several smaller ones of which Stewart Island is the largest and often referred to as 'our third island'. North and South Islands are separated by the 32km / 20mile wide Cook Strait. To the north and east lies the Pacific Ocean and between ourselves and Australia lies the Tasman Sea. 

The total land area is 270,535 sq Km / 104,453 sq miles, about the size of Italy, the United Kingdom or the US state of Colorado. 

North Island is volcanically active with a central plateau. South Island has the high snow covered mountain peaks and glaciers of the Southern Alps, a range running almost 500Km / 300miles along the Island. 

Our longest river is the Waikato on North Island (425 Km / 264 miles), the largest inland stretch of water is Lake Taupo also on North Island (607 sq Km / 235 sq miles) and the highest point is Mount Cook on South Island (3754 m / 12316 ft). Over 75% of New Zealand is above 200m.

Land use is broken down to approximately: forested 30% - meadows and pastures 50% - agricultural and under permanent cultivation 15% . Sheep and cattle graze on the rich farmland around Hamilton and New Plymouth in North Island and around Dunedin and Invercargill on South Island. 

New Zealand Weather:

New Zealand is in the Southern Hemisphere, which of course means mid summer is at Christmas time while mid winter is June/July. The climate is oceanic temperate. Given the small land mass relative to the expanse of ocean around New Zealand, the seasonal variations in New Zealand weather are smaller than continental North America or mainland Europe.

North Island has a warm mild climate, almost sub-tropical in the extreme north. Auckland average summer temperature (January) is about 21C / 70F and winter is 11C / 52F . Annual rainfall in North Island is around 125-150cm / 50-60ins , the west receiving slightly more rain than the east. 
South island is colder, Dunedin has average summer temperatures of about 15C / 59F and winter 6C / 43F. The contrast in rainfall across South Island is much greater due to the Southern Alps and varies from 300cm / 120ins on the west coast to 65cm / 25ins on the Canterbury 

New Zealand History:

New Zealand was one of the last corners of the planet to be inhabited by people. Around 950AD the Maori arrived from Polynesia (Tonga and Hawaii) to the northern part of the North Island. There is however evidence of earlier settlement by other more peaceful Polynesian people. 

The first European to see New Zealand officially was the Dutch sailor, Abel Janszoon Tasman in December 1642 although there is evidence of Spanish or Portuguese caravels visiting the North Island in a earlier period. 

Maori war parties prevented Abel Tasman from actually landing initially but he is recorded as the first European to climb Mount Victoria in the Auckland harbour . In 1769-70 Captain James Cook circumnavigated and charted New Zealand. Initial contact with the Maori was also violent but in many areas his ship was welcomed and the scientific nature of his visit was carried out with his ship wintering over in the scenic Malbough Sounds. 

The first European bases in New Zealand were offshoots of the American and Australian whaling industry from 1790 onwards.

From 1839 to 1841, New Zealand was administered as part of the New South Wales colony. In 1840 the Maori ceded the sovereignty of New Zealand to the British in exchange for protection and guarantees on their land fearing colonisation by France. For almost 20 years however, there was intermittent fighting between different Maori tribes and colonists over disputes to land and trading rights. In 1860 British troops and native irregular troops were used to finally overcome Maori resistance to the British administration and land use. 

Gold was discovered mid-19thC in the South Island and many more European settlers arrived - many staying to establish farms in the South Island. 

In the early 1880s new refrigerated ships (designed in New Zealand) made it possible for New Zealand to begin to export dairy products and meat to the United Kingdom and the economy became heavily agriculturally based. 

New Zealand was the first sovereign state to give votes to women in 1893. We pride ourselves on our culture of equal opportunities and lack of sex discrimation. 

In 1907 New Zealand gained dominion status within the British Empire and was granted autonomy in 1931 by the Statute of Westminster which was formally accepted in 1947. 

New Zealand's involvement in the Great War of 1914-18 was a boost to the export trade but was costly in lives. At the outbreak of World War II in 1939, troops were sent to the Europe to serve with distinction in Greece, Crete, Western desert and Italy . However after 1941 New Zealand was threatened directly by Japan and also became actively involved in the Pacific War with the major turning point being the Battle of the Coral Sea between American and Japanese Naval units.New Zealand Armed Forces now play an active part in peace keeping with the United Nations peace keeping forces. 

When the United Kingdom joined the European Economic Community (now the European Union) in the early 1970s, New Zealand began to export more heavily outside the British Commonwealth and developed many new trading partners. The UK is now 4th import/export partner for New Zealand after Australia, the USA and Japan. 

People:

New Zealand has a population of around 3.65 million. 

People from a wide range of European countries have arrived since Captain James Cook to make up 75% of the population while Maori make up about 10%. The Maori first arrived on these shores just over a 1000 years ago at the close of the last millennium. Today, the Maori have adopted western lifestyles but have actively been encouraged to keep alive their culture, language and art. Other ethnic groups have arrived from Polynesia (Tonga, Samoa, Cook Islands) with Auckland now being the Polynesia capital of the South Pacific. People from China, Taiwan, Korea, Vietnam, etc have also settled in New Zealand making for a diverse population mix. 

The official languages are English and Maori with English being spoken by all. We have no official state religion although all religions are worshipped and accepted in New Zealand. 
 
New Zealand Goverment:
New Zealand is a multi party democracy and constitutional monarchy with one legislative house - the House of Representatives - with 120 members. The head of state is the British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth, represented by the Governor-General. The head of government is the Prime Minister. The country's capital is Wellington.
We are a member state of the British Commonwealth, and have close ties with Australia. 

New Zealand was the first sovereign state to give votes to women in 1893. We pride ourselves on our culture of equal opportunities and lack of sex discrimation. Free education and medical healthcare for children and adult alike are part of the Goverment social platforms. The pictures in this site are representive of life in NZ

New Zealand Wine & Agriculture:

In the early 1880s new refrigerated ships designed in New Zealand made it possible for our farmers to begin to export dairy products and meat to the United Kingdom and the economy became heavily agriculturally based
Sheep and cattle graze on the rich farmland thoughout New Zealand, with dairy farming predominate around Hamilton, New Plymouth, and Whangarei n North Island. Deer farming is also popular through out the country for the export market. The are about 60 million sheep and 8 million cattle. Land unsuitable for dairy or sheep is generally used for forestry and New Zealand has some of the worlds largest man made forests of Radiata Pine. 

About 1900 the Chinese gooseberry, later renamed the kiwi fruit, was introduced in New Zealand and we are now the world's main producer. Also because we are in the southern hemisphere, we can grow crops for customers in the north when it is their winter. Apples, strawberries, peaches, apricots and oranges are grown for the export trade. 
In recent years New Zealand wines have also been exported in ever increasing quantities. The first vine was actually planted in the 1840s, however it is in the last 20 years that our wines 'have come of age'. The long New Zealand autumn plays an important part in ripening the grapes slowly. In the Marlborough region the Sauvignon Blanc grape grows well. While in Gisborne the Chardonnay grape is the favoured variety. White grapes are most common, however Cabernet Sauvignon is established in Hawke's Bay and Pinot Noir north of Wellington. 

Agricultural products account for over 30% of our export revenues. 15% of the land is under permanent cultivation

 Industry:

Of course, Agriculture is a major employer and generator of wealth in New Zealand.

The manufacturing sector is also growing with hi-technology as a corner stone. 

Fishing the rich Pacific Ocean is also of ever increasing economic importance with much of the catch exported to the Asian market.

With so much to see and do in New Zealand, tourism is also a major source of income. Around 2M visitors per year come here. 
New Zealand's fast flowing rivers have been harnessed for the production of electricity - around 80% of our power generation is hydro-electric - the rest coming from gas, geothermal and wind power. 

New Zealand Tourism Guide:
Driving - please remember we drive on the proper side of the road - the left hand side! New Zealand roads generally have light traffic away from cities. Most roads are good and well signed, however there are may roads in remoter unspoiled wilderness areas which are unsealed gravel. Speed limits are 100kph (~63mph) on freeways and main roads and 50kph (~31mph) in towns although the traffic may flow at a higher speed. On freeways, the slower traffic is encouraged to keep to the left but passing on the left on a laned freeway is permitted. It is not permitted to hitch-hike or cycle on the side of the freeways. Speed cameras, radar guns and laser speed detection devices are widely used by the Police in traffic enforcement and drink/driving regulations are strict with the police have a policy of random roadside checks in all areas especially at night. 

Emergency services - Police, ambulance & fire - Dial 111. 

Entry - You need a passport valid with for 3 months after your departure date, fully paid tickets for your return and sufficient funds to keep you while in New Zealand. You need no vaccination certificates and no visa if you do not intend to work. During your stay in New Zealand you are covered by Accident Compensation for any accidents including free medical care but in exchange you forgo the right of legal action against other parties. 

Electricity in New Zealand is 230volts so North American 110volt items should not be used. The exception being electric shavers for which hotels provide special outlets. For those visitors from '230volt countries' adapters to fit local sockets can easily be purchased. 

Internet Connections. Internet cafes and Internet bureau’s can be found in all the major cities as well as many of the smaller towns. With over 700,000 Internet users in New Zealand - connection to your e-mail service is not far away. 

Medical Care. - New Zealand has fully equipped - modern hospitals in all cities and specialist (cardiac, women’s, children) hospitals in the major cities. Medical practitioners can be found in every town as well as the local ambulance service. Pharmacies are wide spread and two or three can be found in every town. During summer sun protection is highly recommended. 

Money - The New Zealand dollar is worth just over half the US dollar. ATM machines are widespread and international credit cards widely accepted. Banks open 930-430, Monday-Friday. Hotels and larger shops will accept travellers cheques. 

Telephone and Cellular phones. New Zealand has a modern computerised telephone exchange system with numerous pay phones accepting credit or phone cards. A Cellular network covers all the major towns and cities and main highway areas. 

Time - New Zealand is 12 hours ahead of GMT, typically 18 hours ahead of North America. In summer (Oct-Mar) clocks are put one hour ahead. 

Tipping is not expected for service anywhere. For exceptional service the tourist may feel it appropriate. 

Drinking Water from the tap is safe to drink everywhere although bottled, mineral and purified water is freely available at most convenience stores.