paper.ps

c programming pearls answer

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10 B f
(Basic loop test)2 611 1 2574 3024 t
10 R f
( amount)1 332( The)1 212( in this paper.)3 565(This graph exhibits several features that are common to all of the graphs)12 2961 4 970 3240 t
( axes)1 208( Both)1 251( appears on the vertical axis.)5 1166(of computational work appears on the horizontal axis and runtime)9 2695 4 720 3360 t
( would be con-)3 602( It)1 113( scale, which allows us to display a wide range of data values.)12 2497(are plotted on a logarithmic)4 1108 4 720 3480 t
( around 10 seconds, but this ideal cannot)7 1633(venient to choose input sizes that give reasonable runtimes, ideally)9 2687 2 720 3600 t
(be achieved when runtimes for different languages are four orders of magnitude apart.)12 3437 1 720 3720 t
( grow linearly with the size of the problem:)8 2171(We designed tests whose runtime should)5 1899 2 970 3876 t
10 I f
(runtime)720 3996 w
10 S f
(=)1080 3996 w
10 I f
(m)1184 3996 w
10 S f
(\264)1264 3996 w
10 I f
(size)1327 3996 w
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(b)1630 3996 w
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( if we choose)3 544(. Thus,)1 306 2 1680 3996 t
10 I f
(size)2560 3996 w
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(to be large enough to justify ignoring the fixed overhead)9 2300 1 2740 3996 t
(\()720 4116 w
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( indicate anomalous behavior that)4 1360( Exceptions)1 497(\), the log-log plot should show a straight line of unit slope.)11 2380 3 803 4116 t
(deserves further attention.)2 1039 1 720 4236 t
( fact,)1 205( In)1 139( 95 the line connecting C runtimes appears absolutely horizontal.)9 2651(For example, on Windows)3 1075 4 970 4392 t
(runtime continues to be constant when)5 1590 1 720 4512 t
10 CW f
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(= 10)1 190 1 2440 4512 t
7 R f
(7)2635 4472 w
10 R f
(and)2712 4512 w
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(n)2890 4512 w
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(= 10)1 190 1 2984 4512 t
7 R f
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10 R f
( happens because the optimizer elimi-)5 1556(. This)1 262 2 3222 4512 t
(nates the entire loop, replacing it by)6 1512 1 720 4632 t
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(sum = n)2 446 1 2270 4632 t
10 R f
( 95)1 139( optimization is disabled, times on Windows)6 1859(. When)1 326 3 2716 4632 t
(grow)720 4752 w
10 I f
(very)950 4752 w
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(slowly with)1 470 1 1146 4752 t
10 CW f
(n)1641 4752 w
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(, from 0.25 seconds at)4 882 1 1701 4752 t
10 CW f
(n)2608 4752 w
10 R f
(= 125,000 to 0.33 seconds at)5 1147 1 2693 4752 t
10 CW f
(n)3865 4752 w
10 R f
(= 10)1 181 1 3950 4752 t
7 R f
(6)4136 4712 w
10 R f
(.)4179 4752 w
(The graph for Windows 95 also shows clearly the advantage that Java and Visual Basic enjoy)15 4070 1 970 4908 t
(because our timings do not charge them for startup.)8 2055 1 720 5028 t
( \(C\) runs fastest;)3 699( native code)2 504( Compiled)1 456(The pattern in these graphs reappears in many test results.)9 2411 4 970 5184 t
( Basic\); next come interpreters that construct)6 1857(next fastest are interpreted byte codes \(Java, Limbo, Visual)8 2463 2 720 5304 t
( like an abstract syntax tree \(Awk, Perl\); slowest of all are interpreters)12 2808(and execute an internal representation)4 1512 2 720 5424 t
( each consecutive pair of stages there is a)8 1693( Between)1 405( \(Scheme, Tcl\).)2 627(that repeatedly scan the original source)5 1595 4 720 5544 t