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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 --><!-- Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>Codes</title></head><body bgcolor="white"><basefont size="3"> <center><font size="2"><br>The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition<br>Copyright © 2001-2003 The IEEE and The Open Group</font></center><hr size="2" noshade><h5>Typographical Conventions</h5>The following typographical conventions are used throughout this standard. In the text, this standard is referred to asIEEE Std 1003.1-2001, which is technically identical to The Open Group Base Specifications, Issue 6. <p>The typographical conventions listed here are for ease of reading only. Editorial inconsistencies in the use of typography areunintentional and have no normative meaning in this standard.</p><center><table border="1" cellpadding="3" align="center"><tr valign="top"><th align="center"><p><b>Reference</b></p></th><th align="center"><p><b>Example</b></p></th><th align="center"><p><b>Notes</b></p></th></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language Data Structure</p></td><td align="left"><p><b>aiocb</b></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language Data Structure Member</p></td><td align="left"><p><i>aio_lio_opcode</i></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language Data Type</p></td><td align="left"><p><b>long</b></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language External Variable</p></td><td align="left"><p><i>errno</i></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language Function</p></td><td align="left"><p><i>system</i>()</p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language Function Argument</p></td><td align="left"><p><i>arg1</i></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language Function Family</p></td><td align="left"><p><i>exec</i></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language Header</p></td><td align="left"><p><b><sys/stat.h></b></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language Keyword</p></td><td align="left"><p><b>return</b></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language Macro with Argument</p></td><td align="left"><p><i>assert</i>()</p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language Macro with No Argument</p></td><td align="left"><p>INET_ADDRSTRLEN</p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>C-Language Preprocessing Directive</p></td><td align="left"><p><b>#define</b></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Commands within a Utility</p></td><td align="left"><p><b>a</b>, <b>c</b></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Conversion Specification, Specifier/Modifier Character</p></td><td align="left"><p><tt>%A</tt>, <tt>g</tt>, <tt>E</tt></p></td><td align="left"><p>1</p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Environment Variable</p></td><td align="left"><p><i>PATH</i></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Error Number</p></td><td align="left"><p>[EINTR]</p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Example Output</p></td><td align="left"><p><b>Hello, World</b></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Filename</p></td><td align="left"><p><b>/tmp</b></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Literal Character</p></td><td align="left"><p><tt>'c'</tt>, <tt>'\r'</tt>, <tt>'\'</tt></p></td><td align="left"><p>2</p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Literal String</p></td><td align="left"><p><tt>"abcde"</tt></p></td><td align="left"><p>2</p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Optional Items in Utility Syntax</p></td><td align="left"><p><b>[]</b></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Parameter</p></td><td align="left"><p><<i>directory pathname</i>></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Special Character</p></td><td align="left"><p><newline></p></td><td align="left"><p>3</p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Symbolic Constant</p></td><td align="left"><p>_POSIX_VDISABLE</p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Symbolic Limit, Configuration Value</p></td><td align="left"><p>{LINE_MAX}</p></td><td align="left"><p>4</p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Syntax</p></td><td align="left"><p><tt>#include <sys/stat.h></tt></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>User Input and Example Code</p></td><td align="left"><p><tt>echo Hello, World</tt></p></td><td align="left"><p>5</p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Utility Name</p></td><td align="left"><p><i>awk</i></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Utility Operand</p></td><td align="left"><p><i>file_name</i></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Utility Option</p></td><td align="left"><p><b>-c</b></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p>Utility Option with Option-Argument</p></td><td align="left"><p><b>-w</b> <i>width</i></p></td><td align="left"><p> </p></td></tr></table></center><dl><dt><b>Notes:</b></dt><dd><ol><li><p>Conversion specifications, specifier characters, and modifier characters are used primarily in date-related functions andutilities and the <i>fprintf</i> and <i>fscanf</i> formatting functions.</p></li><li><p>Unless otherwise noted, the quotes shall not be used as input or output. When used in a list item, the quotes are omitted. Forliteral characters, <tt>'\'</tt> (or any of the other sequences such as <tt>'''</tt> ) is the same as the C constant <tt>'\\'</tt>(or <tt>'\''</tt> ).</p></li><li><p>The style selected for some of the special characters, such as <newline>, matches the form of the input given to the <ahref="../utilities/localedef.html"><i>localedef</i></a> utility. Generally, the characters selected for this special treatment arethose that are not visually distinct, such as the control characters <tab> or <newline>.</p></li><li><p>Names surrounded by braces represent symbolic limits or configuration values which may be declared in appropriate headers bymeans of the C <b>#define</b> construct.</p></li><li><p>Brackets shown in this font, <tt>"[]"</tt> , are part of the syntax and do <i>not</i> indicate optional items. In syntax the<tt>'|'</tt> symbol is used to separate alternatives, and ellipses ( <tt>"..."</tt> ) are used to show that additional argumentsare optional.</p></li></ol></dd></dl><p>Shading is used to identify extensions and options; see .</p><p>Footnotes and notes within the body of the normative text are for information only (informative).</p><p>Informative sections (such as Rationale, Change History, Application Usage, and so on) are denoted by continuous shading bars inthe margins.</p><p>Ranges of values are indicated with parentheses or brackets as follows:</p><ul><li><p>(<i>a</i>,<i>b</i>) means the range of all values from <i>a</i> to <i>b</i>, including neither <i>a</i> nor <i>b</i>.</p></li><li><p>[<i>a</i>,<i>b</i>] means the range of all values from <i>a</i> to <i>b</i>, including <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>.</p></li><li><p>[<i>a</i>,<i>b</i>) means the range of all values from <i>a</i> to <i>b</i>, including <i>a</i>, but not <i>b</i>.</p></li><li><p>(<i>a</i>,<i>b</i>] means the range of all values from <i>a</i> to <i>b</i>, including <i>b</i>, but not <i>a</i>.</p></li></ul><dl><dt><b>Note:</b></dt><dd>A symbolic limit beginning with POSIX is treated differently, depending on context. In a C-language header, the symbolPOSIX<i>string</i> (where <i>string</i> may contain underscores) is represented by the C identifier _POSIX<i>string</i>, with aleading underscore required to prevent ISO C standard name space pollution. However, in other contexts, such as languagesother than C, the leading underscore is not used because this requirement does not exist.</dd></dl><hr size="2" noshade><center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href="../utilities/contents.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../functions/contents.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xrat/contents.html">XRAT</a>]</font></center><!--footer end--><hr size="2" noshade></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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