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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"><html><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><title>Shell & Utilities: Table of Contents</title></head><body><basefont size="3"> <center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>technically identical to IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition<br>Copyright © 2001-2003 The IEEE and The Open Group</font></center><hr size="2" noshade><h2>Shell & Utilities: Table of Contents</h2><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01">Introduction</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_01">Scope</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_02">Conformance</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_03">Normative References</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_04">Change History</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_05">Terminology</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_05_01">can</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_05_02">implementation-defined</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_05_03">legacy</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_05_04">may</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_05_05">shall</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_05_06">should</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_05_07">undefined</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_05_08">unspecified</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_06">Definitions</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07">Relationship to Other Documents</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01">System Interfaces</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_01">Process Attributes</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_02">Concurrent Execution of Processes</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_03">File Access Permissions</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_04">File Read, Write, and Creation</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_05">File Removal</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_06">File Time Values</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_07">File Contents</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_08">Pathname Resolution</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_09">Changing the Current Working Directory</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_10">Establish the Locale</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_11">Actions Equivalent to Functions</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_02">Concepts Derived from the ISO C Standard</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_02_01">Arithmetic Precision and Operations</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_02_02">Mathematical Functions</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_08">Portability</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_08_01">Codes</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_09">Utility Limits</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_10">Grammar Conventions</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_11">Utility Description Defaults</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_12">Considerations for Utilities in Support of Files of ArbitrarySize</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_13">Built-In Utilities</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02">Shell Command Language</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_01">Shell Introduction</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_02">Quoting</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_02_01">Escape Character (Backslash)</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_02_02">Single-Quotes</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_02_03">Double-Quotes</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_03">Token Recognition</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_03_01">Alias Substitution</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_04">Reserved Words</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_05">Parameters and Variables</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_05_01">Positional Parameters</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_05_02">Special Parameters</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_05_03">Shell Variables</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_06">Word Expansions</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_06_01">Tilde Expansion</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_06_02">Parameter Expansion</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_06_02_01">Examples</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_06_03">Command Substitution</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_06_04">Arithmetic Expansion</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_06_04_01">Examples</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_06_05">Field Splitting</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_06_06">Pathname Expansion</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_06_07">Quote Removal</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_07">Redirection</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_07_01">Redirecting Input</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_07_02">Redirecting Output</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_07_03">Appending Redirected Output</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_07_04">Here-Document</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_07_04_01">Examples</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_07_05">Duplicating an Input File Descriptor</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_07_06">Duplicating an Output File Descriptor</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_07_07">Open File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_08">Exit Status and Errors</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_08_01">Consequences of Shell Errors</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_08_02">Exit Status for Commands</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09">Shell Commands</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_01">Simple Commands</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_01_01">Command Search and Execution</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_02">Pipelines</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_02_01">Exit Status</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_03">Lists</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_03_01">Examples</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_03_02">Asynchronous Lists</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_03_03">Exit Status</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_03_04">Sequential Lists</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_03_05">Exit Status</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_03_06">AND Lists</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_03_07">Exit Status</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_03_08">OR Lists</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_03_09">Exit Status</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04">Compound Commands</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_01">Grouping Commands</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_02">Exit Status</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_03">For Loop</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_04">Exit Status</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_05">Case Conditional Construct</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_06">Exit Status</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_07">If Conditional Construct</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_08">Exit Status</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_09">While Loop</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_10">Exit Status</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_11">Until Loop</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_04_12">Exit Status</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_05">Function Definition Command</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_09_05_01">Exit Status</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_10">Shell Grammar</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_10_01">Shell Grammar Lexical Conventions</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_10_02">Shell Grammar Rules</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_11">Signals and Error Handling</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_12">Shell Execution Environment</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_13">Pattern Matching Notation</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_13_01">Patterns Matching a Single Character</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_13_02">Patterns Matching Multiple Characters</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_13_03">Patterns Used for Filename Expansion</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_14">Special Built-In Utilities</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03">Batch Environment Services</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01">General Concepts</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01_01">Batch Client-Server Interaction</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01_02">Batch Queues</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01_03">Batch Job Creation</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01_04">Batch Job Tracking</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01_05">Batch Job Routing</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01_06">Batch Job Execution</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01_07">Batch Job Exit</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01_08">Batch Job Abort</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01_09">Batch Authorization</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01_10">Batch Administration</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_01_11">Batch Notification</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02">Batch Services</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_01">Batch Job States</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02">Deferred Batch Services</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_01">Batch Job Execution</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_02">Legend</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_03">Legend</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_04">Account_Name Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_05">Checkpoint Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_06">Error_Path Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_07">Execution_Time Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_08">Hold_Types Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_09">Job_Owner Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_10">Join_Path Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_11">Keep_Files Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_12">Mail_Points and Mail_Users Attributes</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_13">Output_Path Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_14">Priority Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_15">Rerunable Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_16">Resource_List Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_17">Shell_Path_List Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_18">User_List Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_19">Variable_List Attribute</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_20">Batch Job Routing</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_21">Batch Job Exit</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_22">Batch Server Restart</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_02_23">Batch Job Abort</a></small></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03">Requested Batch Services</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_01">Delete Batch Job Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_02">Hold Batch Job Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_03">Batch Job Message Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_04">Batch Job Status Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_05">Locate Batch Job Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_06">Modify Batch Job Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_07">Move Batch Job Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_08">Queue Batch Job Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_09">Batch Queue Status Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_10">Release Batch Job Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_11">Rerun Batch Job Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_12">Select Batch Jobs Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_13">Server Shutdown Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_14">Server Status Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_15">Signal Batch Job Request</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_02_03_16">Track Batch Job Request</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_03">Common Behavior for Batch Environment Utilities</a></small><ul><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_03_01">Batch Job Identifier</a></small></li><li type="disc"><small><a href="xcu_chap03.html#tag_03_03_02">Destination</a></small></li><li 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