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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 --><!-- Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>tee</title></head><body bgcolor="white"><script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="../jscript/codes.js"></script><basefont size="3"> <a name="tee"></a> <a name="tag_04_139"></a><!-- tee --> <!--header start--><center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition<br>Copyright © 2001-2003 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center><!--header end--><hr size="2" noshade><h4><a name="tag_04_139_01"></a>NAME</h4><blockquote>tee - duplicate standard input</blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4><blockquote class="synopsis"><p><code><tt>tee</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-ai</tt><b>][</b><i>file</i><tt>...</tt><b>]</b></code></p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>tee</i> utility shall copy standard input to standard output, making a copy in zero or more files. The <i>tee</i> utilityshall not buffer output.</p><p>If the <b>-a</b> option is not specified, output files shall be written (see <a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_04"><i>FileRead, Write, and Creation</i></a> .</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>tee</i> utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02">Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines</a>.</p><p>The following options shall be supported:</p><dl compact><dt><b>-a</b></dt><dd>Append the output to the files.</dd><dt><b>-i</b></dt><dd>Ignore the SIGINT signal.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4><blockquote><p>The following operands shall be supported:</p><dl compact><dt><i>file</i></dt><dd>A pathname of an output file. Processing of at least 13 <i>file</i> operands shall be supported.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_06"></a>STDIN</h4><blockquote><p>The standard input can be of any type.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4><blockquote><p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>tee</i>:</p><dl compact><dt><i>LANG</i></dt><dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume ofIEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap08.html#tag_08_02">Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables</a> forthe precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd><dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt><dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd><dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt><dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte asopposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).</dd><dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i></dt><dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standarderror.</dd><dt><i>NLSPATH</i></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of <i>LC_MESSAGES .</i> <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4><blockquote><p>Default, except that if the <b>-i</b> option was specified, SIGINT shall be ignored.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_10"></a>STDOUT</h4><blockquote><p>The standard output shall be a copy of the standard input.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_11"></a>STDERR</h4><blockquote><p>The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4><blockquote><p>If any <i>file</i> operands are specified, the standard input shall be copied to each named file.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4><blockquote><p>The following exit values shall be returned:</p><dl compact><dt> 0</dt><dd>The standard input was successfully copied to all output files.</dd><dt>>0</dt><dd>An error occurred.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4><blockquote><p>If a write to any successfully opened <i>file</i> operand fails, writes to other successfully opened <i>file</i> operands andstandard output shall continue, but the exit status shall be non-zero. Otherwise, the default actions specified in <a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_11"><i>Utility Description Defaults</i></a> apply.</p></blockquote><hr><div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div><h4><a name="tag_04_139_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>tee</i> utility is usually used in a pipeline, to make a copy of the output of some utility.</p><p>The <i>file</i> operand is technically optional, but <i>tee</i> is no more useful than <a href="../utilities/cat.html"><i>cat</i></a> when none is specified.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4><blockquote><p>Save an unsorted intermediate form of the data in a pipeline:</p><pre><tt>... | tee unsorted | sort > sorted</tt></pre></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4><blockquote><p>The buffering requirement means that <i>tee</i> is not allowed to use ISO C standard fully buffered or line-bufferedwrites. It does not mean that <i>tee</i> has to do 1-byte reads followed by 1-byte writes.</p><p>It should be noted that early versions of BSD ignore any invalid options and accept a single <tt>'-'</tt> as an alternative to<b>-i</b>. They also print a message if unable to open a file:</p><pre><tt>"tee: cannot access %s\n", <</tt><i>pathname</i><tt>></tt></pre><p>Historical implementations ignore write errors. This is explicitly not permitted by this volume ofIEEE Std 1003.1-2001.</p><p>Some historical implementations use O_APPEND when providing append mode; others use the <a href="../functions/lseek.html"><i>lseek</i>()</a> function to seek to the end-of-file after opening the file without O_APPEND. Thisvolume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 requires functionality equivalent to using O_APPEND; see <a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01_07_01_04"><i>File Read, Write, and Creation</i></a> .</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4><blockquote><p><a href="xcu_chap01.html#tag_01"><i>Introduction</i></a> , <a href="cat.html"><i>cat</i></a> , the System Interfaces volume ofIEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../functions/lseek.html"><i>lseek</i>()</a></p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4><blockquote><p>First released in Issue 2.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_139_22"></a>Issue 6</h4><blockquote><p>IEEE PASC Interpretation 1003.2 #168 is applied.</p></blockquote><div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div><hr><hr size="2" noshade><center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href="../utilities/contents.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../functions/contents.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xrat/contents.html">XRAT</a>]</font></center><!--footer end--><hr size="2" noshade></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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