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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 --><!-- Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>split</title></head><body bgcolor="white"><script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="../jscript/codes.js"></script><basefont size="3"> <a name="split"></a> <a name="tag_04_132"></a><!-- split --> <!--header start--><center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition<br>Copyright © 2001-2003 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center><!--header end--><hr size="2" noshade><h4><a name="tag_04_132_01"></a>NAME</h4><blockquote>split - split files into pieces</blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4><blockquote class="synopsis"><div class="box"><code><tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('UP')">UP</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0"> split</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-l</tt> <i>line_count</i><b>][</b><tt>-a</tt><i>suffix_length</i><b>][</b><i>file</i><b>[</b><i>name</i><b>]]</b><tt><br><br>split -b</tt> <i>n</i><b>[</b><tt>k|m</tt><b>][</b><tt>-a</tt><i>suffix_length</i><b>][</b><i>file</i><b>[</b><i>name</i><b>]]</b><tt><img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></tt></code></div><tt><br></tt></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>split</i> utility shall read an input file and write one or more output files. The default size of each output file shallbe 1000 lines. The size of the output files can be modified by specification of the <b>-b</b> or <b>-l</b> options. Each outputfile shall be created with a unique suffix. The suffix shall consist of exactly <i>suffix_length</i> lowercase letters from thePOSIX locale. The letters of the suffix shall be used as if they were a base-26 digit system, with the first suffix to be createdconsisting of all <tt>'a'</tt> characters, the second with a <tt>'b'</tt> replacing the last <tt>'a'</tt> , and so on, until a nameof all <tt>'z'</tt> characters is created. By default, the names of the output files shall be <tt>'x'</tt> , followed by atwo-character suffix from the character set as described above, starting with <tt>"aa"</tt> , <tt>"ab"</tt> , <tt>"ac"</tt> , andso on, and continuing until the suffix <tt>"zz"</tt> , for a maximum of 676 files.</p><p>If the number of files required exceeds the maximum allowed by the suffix length provided, such that the last allowable filewould be larger than the requested size, the <i>split</i> utility shall fail after creating the last file with a valid suffix;<i>split</i> shall not delete the files it created with valid suffixes. If the file limit is not exceeded, the last file createdshall contain the remainder of the input file, and may be smaller than the requested size.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>split</i> utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02">Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines</a>.</p><p>The following options shall be supported:</p><dl compact><dt><b>-a </b> <i>suffix_length</i></dt><dd><br>Use <i>suffix_length</i> letters to form the suffix portion of the filenames of the split file. If <b>-a</b> is not specified, thedefault suffix length shall be two. If the sum of the <i>name</i> operand and the <i>suffix_length</i> option-argument would createa filename exceeding {NAME_MAX} bytes, an error shall result; <i>split</i> shall exit with a diagnostic message and no files shallbe created.</dd><dt><b>-b </b> <i>n</i></dt><dd>Split a file into pieces <i>n</i> bytes in size.</dd><dt><b>-b </b> <i>n</i><b>k</b></dt><dd>Split a file into pieces <i>n</i>*1024 bytes in size.</dd><dt><b>-b </b> <i>n</i><b>m</b></dt><dd>Split a file into pieces <i>n</i>*1048576 bytes in size.</dd><dt><b>-l </b> <i>line_count</i></dt><dd>Specify the number of lines in each resulting file piece. The <i>line_count</i> argument is an unsigned decimal integer. Thedefault is 1000. If the input does not end with a <newline>, the partial line shall be included in the last output file.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4><blockquote><p>The following operands shall be supported:</p><dl compact><dt><i>file</i></dt><dd>The pathname of the ordinary file to be split. If no input file is given or <i>file</i> is <tt>'-'</tt> , the standard inputshall be used.</dd><dt><i>name</i></dt><dd>The prefix to be used for each of the files resulting from the split operation. If no <i>name</i> argument is given,<tt>'x'</tt> shall be used as the prefix of the output files. The combined length of the basename of <i>prefix</i> and<i>suffix_length</i> cannot exceed {NAME_MAX} bytes. See the OPTIONS section.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_06"></a>STDIN</h4><blockquote><p>See the INPUT FILES section.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4><blockquote><p>Any file can be used as input.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4><blockquote><p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>split</i>:</p><dl compact><dt><i>LANG</i></dt><dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume ofIEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap08.html#tag_08_02">Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables</a> forthe precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd><dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt><dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd><dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt><dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte asopposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files).</dd><dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i></dt><dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standarderror.</dd><dt><i>NLSPATH</i></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of <i>LC_MESSAGES .</i> <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4><blockquote><p>Default.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_10"></a>STDOUT</h4><blockquote><p>Not used.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_11"></a>STDERR</h4><blockquote><p>The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4><blockquote><p>The output files contain portions of the original input file; otherwise, unchanged.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4><blockquote><p>The following exit values shall be returned:</p><dl compact><dt> 0</dt><dd>Successful completion.</dd><dt>>0</dt><dd>An error occurred.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4><blockquote><p>Default.</p></blockquote><hr><div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div><h4><a name="tag_04_132_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4><blockquote><p>In the following examples <b>foo</b> is a text file that contains 5000 lines.</p><ol><li><p>Create five files, <b>xaa</b>, <b>xab</b>, <b>xac</b>, <b>xad</b>, and <b>xae</b>:</p><pre><tt>split foo</tt></pre></li><li><p>Create five files, but the suffixed portion of the created files consists of three letters, <b>xaaa</b>, <b>xaab</b>,<b>xaac</b>, <b>xaad</b>, and <b>xaae</b>:</p><pre><tt>split -a 3 foo</tt></pre></li><li><p>Create three files with four-letter suffixes and a supplied prefix, <b>bar_aaaa</b>, <b>bar_aaab</b>, and <b>bar_aaac</b>:</p><pre><tt>split -a 4 -l 2000 foo bar_</tt></pre></li><li><p>Create as many files as are necessary to contain at most 20*1024 bytes, each with the default prefix of <b>x</b> and afive-letter suffix:</p><pre><tt>split -a 5 -b 20k foo</tt></pre></li></ol></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4><blockquote><p>The <b>-b</b> option was added to provide a mechanism for splitting files other than by lines. While most uses of the <b>-b</b>option are for transmitting files over networks, some believed it would have additional uses.</p><p>The <b>-a</b> option was added to overcome the limitation of being able to create only 676 files.</p><p>Consideration was given to deleting this utility, using the rationale that the functionality provided by this utility isavailable via the <a href="../utilities/csplit.html"><i>csplit</i></a> utility (see <a href="csplit.html"><i>csplit</i></a> ). Uponreconsideration of the purpose of the User Portability Extension, it was decided to retain both this utility and the <a href="../utilities/csplit.html"><i>csplit</i></a> utility because users use both utilities and have historical expectations of theirbehavior. Furthermore, the splitting on byte boundaries in <i>split</i> cannot be duplicated with the historical <a href="../utilities/csplit.html"><i>csplit</i></a>.</p><p>The text " <i>split</i> shall not delete the files it created with valid suffixes" would normally be assumed, but since therelated utility, <a href="../utilities/csplit.html"><i>csplit</i></a>, does delete files under some circumstances, the historicalbehavior of <i>split</i> is made explicit to avoid misinterpretation.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4><blockquote><p><a href="csplit.html"><i>csplit</i></a></p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4><blockquote><p>First released in Issue 2.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_132_22"></a>Issue 6</h4><blockquote><p>This utility is marked as part of the User Portability Utilities option.</p><p>The APPLICATION USAGE section is added.</p><p>The obsolescent SYNOPSIS is removed.</p></blockquote><div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div><hr><hr size="2" noshade><center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href="../utilities/contents.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../functions/contents.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xrat/contents.html">XRAT</a>]</font></center><!--footer end--><hr size="2" noshade></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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