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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 --><!-- Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>iconv</title></head><body bgcolor="white"><script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="../jscript/codes.js"></script><basefont size="3"> <a name="iconv"></a> <a name="tag_04_66"></a><!-- iconv --> <!--header start--><center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition<br>Copyright © 2001-2003 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center><!--header end--><hr size="2" noshade><h4><a name="tag_04_66_01"></a>NAME</h4><blockquote>iconv - codeset conversion</blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4><blockquote class="synopsis"><p><code><tt>iconv</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-cs</tt><b>]</b> <tt>-f</tt> <i>frommap</i> <tt>-t</tt> <i>tomap</i> <b>[</b><i>file</i><tt>...</tt><b>]</b><tt><br><br>iconv -f</tt> <i>fromcode</i> <b>[</b><tt>-cs</tt><b>] [</b><tt>-t</tt> <i>tocode</i> <b>[</b><i>file</i><tt>...</tt><b>]</b><tt><br><br>iconv -t</tt> <i>tocode</i> <b>[</b><tt>-cs</tt><b>] [</b><tt>-f</tt> <i>fromcode</i><b>] [</b><i>file</i><tt>...</tt><b>]</b><tt><br><br>iconv -l<br></tt></code></p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>iconv</i> utility shall convert the encoding of characters in <i>file</i> from one codeset to another and write theresults to standard output.</p><p>When the options indicate that charmap files are used to specify the codesets (see OPTIONS), the codeset conversion shall beaccomplished by performing a logical join on the symbolic character names in the two charmaps. The implementation need not supportthe use of charmap files for codeset conversion unless the POSIX2_LOCALEDEF symbol is defined on the system.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>iconv</i> utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02">Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines</a>.</p><p>The following options shall be supported:</p><dl compact><dt><b>-c</b></dt><dd>Omit any characters that are invalid in the codeset of the input file from the output. When <b>-c</b> is not used, the resultsof encountering invalid characters in the input stream (either those that are not characters in the codeset of the input file orthat have no corresponding character in the codeset of the output file) shall be specified in the system documentation. Thepresence or absence of <b>-c</b> shall not affect the exit status of <i>iconv</i>.</dd><dt><b>-f </b> <i>fromcodeset</i></dt><dd><br>Identify the codeset of the input file. The implementation shall recognize the following two forms of the <i>fromcodeset</i>option-argument: <dl compact><dt><i>fromcode</i></dt><dd>The <i>fromcode</i> option-argument must not contain a slash character. It shall be interpreted as the name of one of thecodeset descriptions provided by the implementation in an unspecified format. Valid values of <i>fromcode</i> areimplementation-defined.</dd><dt><i>frommap</i></dt><dd>The <i>frommap</i> option-argument must contain a slash character. It shall be interpreted as the pathname of a charmap file asdefined in the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap06.html#tag_06_04">Section6.4, Character Set Description File</a>. If the pathname does not represent a valid, readable charmap file, the results areundefined.</dd></dl><p>If this option is omitted, the codeset of the current locale shall be used.</p></dd><dt><b>-l</b></dt><dd>Write all supported <i>fromcode</i> and <i>tocode</i> values to standard output in an unspecified format.</dd><dt><b>-s</b></dt><dd>Suppress any messages written to standard error concerning invalid characters. When <b>-s</b> is not used, the results ofencountering invalid characters in the input stream (either those that are not valid characters in the codeset of the input file orthat have no corresponding character in the codeset of the output file) shall be specified in the system documentation. Thepresence or absence of <b>-s</b> shall not affect the exit status of <i>iconv</i>.</dd><dt><b>-t </b> <i>tocodeset</i></dt><dd>Identify the codeset to be used for the output file. The implementation shall recognize the following two forms of the<i>tocodeset</i> option-argument: <dl compact><dt><i>tocode</i></dt><dd>The semantics shall be equivalent to the <b>-f</b> <i>fromcode</i> option.</dd><dt><i>tomap</i></dt><dd>The semantics shall be equivalent to the <i>tomap</i> option.</dd></dl><p>If this option is omitted, the codeset of the current locale shall be used.</p></dd></dl><p>If either <b>-f</b> or <b>-t</b> represents a charmap file, but the other does not (or is omitted), or both <b>-f</b> and<b>-t</b> are omitted, the results are undefined.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4><blockquote><p>The following operand shall be supported:</p><dl compact><dt><i>file</i></dt><dd>A pathname of an input file. If no <i>file</i> operands are specified, or if a <i>file</i> operand is <tt>'-'</tt> , thestandard input shall be used.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_06"></a>STDIN</h4><blockquote><p>The standard input shall be used only if no <i>file</i> operands are specified, or if a <i>file</i> operand is <tt>'-'</tt>.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4><blockquote><p>The input file shall be a text file.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4><blockquote><p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>iconv</i>:</p><dl compact><dt><i>LANG</i></dt><dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume ofIEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap08.html#tag_08_02">Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables</a> forthe precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd><dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt><dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd><dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt><dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte asopposed to multi-byte characters in arguments). During translation of the file, this variable is superseded by the use of the<i>fromcode</i> option-argument.</dd><dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i></dt><dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standarderror.</dd><dt><i>NLSPATH</i></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of <i>LC_MESSAGES .</i> <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4><blockquote><p>Default.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_10"></a>STDOUT</h4><blockquote><p>When the <b>-l</b> option is used, the standard output shall contain all supported <i>fromcode</i> and <i>tocode</i> values,written in an unspecified format.</p><p>When the <b>-l</b> option is not used, the standard output shall contain the sequence of characters read from the input files,translated to the specified codeset. Nothing else shall be written to the standard output.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_11"></a>STDERR</h4><blockquote><p>The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4><blockquote><p>The following exit values shall be returned:</p><dl compact><dt> 0</dt><dd>Successful completion.</dd><dt>>0</dt><dd>An error occurred.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4><blockquote><p>Default.</p></blockquote><hr><div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div><h4><a name="tag_04_66_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4><blockquote><p>The user must ensure that both charmap files use the same symbolic names for characters the two codesets have in common.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4><blockquote><p>The following example converts the contents of file <b>mail.x400</b> from the ISO/IEC 6937:1994 standard codeset to theISO/IEC 8859-1:1998 standard codeset, and stores the results in file <b>mail.local</b>:</p><pre><tt>iconv -f IS6937 -t IS8859 mail.x400 > mail.local</tt></pre></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>iconv</i> utility can be used portably only when the user provides two charmap files as option-arguments. This is becausea single charmap provided by the user cannot reliably be joined with the names in a system-provided character set description. Thevalid values for <i>fromcode</i> and <i>tocode</i> are implementation-defined and do not have to have any relation to the charmapmechanisms. As an aid to interactive users, the <b>-l</b> option was adopted from the Plan 9 operating system. It writesinformation concerning these implementation-defined values. The format is unspecified because there are many possible usefulformats that could be chosen, such as a matrix of valid combinations of <i>fromcode</i> and <i>tocode</i>. The <b>-l</b> option isnot intended for shell script usage; conforming applications will have to use charmaps.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4><blockquote><p><a href="gencat.html"><i>gencat</i></a></p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4><blockquote><p>First released in Issue 3.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_66_22"></a>Issue 6</h4><blockquote><p>This utility has been rewritten to align with the IEEE P1003.2b draft standard. Specifically, the ability to use charmapfiles for conversion has been added.</p><p>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002, item XCU/TC1/D6/29 is applied, making changes to address inconsistencies with the <ahref="../functions/iconv.html"><i>iconv</i>()</a> function in the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.</p></blockquote><div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div><hr><hr size="2" noshade><center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href="../utilities/contents.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../functions/contents.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xrat/contents.html">XRAT</a>]</font></center><!--footer end--><hr size="2" noshade></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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