📄 who.html
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 --><!-- Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>who</title></head><body bgcolor="white"><script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="../jscript/codes.js"></script><basefont size="3"> <a name="who"></a> <a name="tag_04_171"></a><!-- who --> <!--header start--><center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition<br>Copyright © 2001-2003 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center><!--header end--><hr size="2" noshade><h4><a name="tag_04_171_01"></a>NAME</h4><blockquote>who - display who is on the system</blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_171_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4><blockquote class="synopsis"><div class="box"><code><tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('UP')">UP</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0"> who</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-mTu</tt><b>]</b><tt><img src="../images/opt-end.gif" border="0"><br><br></tt><div class="box"><code><tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0"> who</tt><b>[</b><tt>-mu</tt><b>]</b><tt>-s</tt><b>[</b><tt>-bHlprt</tt><b>][</b><i>file</i><b>]</b><tt><br><br>who</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-mTu</tt><b>][</b><tt>-abdHlprt</tt><b>][</b><i>file</i><b>]</b><tt><br><br>who -q</tt> <b>[</b><i>file</i><b>]</b><tt><br><br>who am i<br><br> who am I <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></tt></code></div><tt><br></tt></code></div></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_171_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>who</i> utility shall list various pieces of information about accessible users. The domain of accessibility isimplementation-defined.</p><p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">Based on the options given, <i>who</i> can also list the user's name, terminal line, login time, elapsed time since activityoccurred on the line, and the process ID of the command interpreter for each current system user. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif"alt="[Option End]" border="0"></p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_171_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>who</i> utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02">Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines</a>.</p><p>The following options shall be supported. The metavariables, such as <<i>line</i>>, refer to fields described in theSTDOUT section.</p><dl compact><dt><b>-a</b></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">Process the implementation-defined database or named file with the <b>-b</b>, <b>-d</b>, <b>-l</b>, <b>-p</b>, <b>-r</b>,<b>-t</b>, <b>-T</b> and <b>-u</b> options turned on. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd><dt><b>-b</b></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">Write the time and date of the last reboot. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd><dt><b>-d</b></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">Write a list of all processes that have expired and not been respawned by the <i>init</i> system process. The <<i>exit</i>>field shall appear for dead processes and contain the termination and exit values of the dead process. This can be useful indetermining why a process terminated. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd><dt><b>-H</b></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">Write column headings above the regular output. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd><dt><b>-l</b></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">(The letter ell.) List only those lines on which the system is waiting for someone to login. The <<i>name</i>> field shall be<b>LOGIN</b> in such cases. Other fields shall be the same as for user entries except that the <<i>state</i>> field does notexist. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd><dt><b>-m</b></dt><dd>Output only information about the current terminal.</dd><dt><b>-p</b></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">List any other process that is currently active and has been previously spawned by <i>init</i>. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif"alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd><dt><b>-q</b></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">(Quick.) List only the names and the number of users currently logged on. When this option is used, all other options shall beignored. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd><dt><b>-r</b></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">Write the current <i>run-level</i> of the <i>init</i> process. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd><dt><b>-s</b></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">List only the <<i>name</i>>, <<i>line</i>>, and <<i>time</i>> fields. This is the default case. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd><dt><b>-t</b></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">Indicate the last change to the system clock. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd><dt><b>-T</b></dt><dd>Show the state of each terminal, as described in the STDOUT section.</dd><dt><b>-u</b></dt><dd>Write "idle time" for each displayed user in addition to any other information. The idle time is the time since any activityoccurred on the user's terminal. The method of determining this is unspecified. <sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0"> This optionshall list only those users who are currently logged in. The <<i>name</i>> is the user's login name. The <<i>line</i>>is the name of the line as found in the directory <b>/dev</b>. The <<i>time</i>> is the time that the user logged in. The<<i>activity</i>> is the number of hours and minutes since activity last occurred on that particular line. A dot indicatesthat the terminal has seen activity in the last minute and is therefore "current". If more than twenty-four hours have elapsed orthe line has not been used since boot time, the entry shall be marked <<i>old</i>>. This field is useful when trying todetermine whether a person is working at the terminal or not. The <<i>pid</i>> is the process ID of the user's login process.<img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_171_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4><blockquote><p><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">The following operands shall be supported:</p><dl compact><dt><b>am i</b>, <b>am I</b></dt><dd>In the POSIX locale, limit the output to describing the invoking user, equivalent to the <b>-m</b> option. The <b>am</b> and<b>i</b> or <b>I</b> must be separate arguments.</dd><dt><i>file</i></dt><dd>Specify a pathname of a file to substitute for the implementation-defined database of logged-on users that <i>who</i> uses bydefault. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_171_06"></a>STDIN</h4><blockquote><p>Not used.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_171_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_171_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4><blockquote><p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>who</i>:</p><dl compact><dt><i>LANG</i></dt><dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume ofIEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap08.html#tag_08_02">Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables</a> forthe precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd><dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt><dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd><dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt><dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as⌨️ 快捷键说明
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