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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 --><!-- Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>Directory Structure and Devices</title></head><body bgcolor="white"><basefont size="3"> <!--header start--><center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition<br>Copyright © 2001-2003 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center><!--header end--><hr size="2" noshade><h2><a name="tag_10"></a>Directory Structure and Devices</h2><h3><a name="tag_10_01"></a>Directory Structure and Files</h3><p>The following directories shall exist on conforming systems and conforming applications shall make use of them only asdescribed. Strictly conforming applications shall not assume the ability to create files in any of these directories, unlessspecified below.</p><dl compact><dt><b>/</b></dt><dd>The root directory.</dd><dt><b>/dev</b></dt><dd>Contains <b>/dev/console</b>, <b>/dev/null</b>, and <b>/dev/tty</b>, described below.</dd></dl><p>The following directory shall exist on conforming systems and shall be used as described:</p><dl compact><dt><b>/tmp</b></dt><dd>A directory made available for applications that need a place to create temporary files. Applications shall be allowed tocreate files in this directory, but shall not assume that such files are preserved between invocations of the application.</dd></dl><p>The following files shall exist on conforming systems and shall be both readable and writable:</p><dl compact><dt><b>/dev/null</b></dt><dd>An infinite data source and data sink. Data written to <b>/dev/null</b> shall be discarded. Reads from <b>/dev/null</b> shallalways return end-of-file (EOF).</dd><dt><b>/dev/tty</b></dt><dd>In each process, a synonym for the controlling terminal associated with the process group of that process, if any. It is usefulfor programs or shell procedures that wish to be sure of writing messages to or reading data from the terminal no matter how outputhas been redirected. It can also be used for applications that demand the name of a file for output, when typed output is desiredand it is tiresome to find out what terminal is currently in use.</dd></dl><p>The following file shall exist on conforming systems and need not be readable or writable:</p><dl compact><dt><b>/dev/console</b></dt><dd>The <b>/dev/console</b> file is a generic name given to the system console (see <a href="xbd_chap03.html#tag_03_382"><i>SystemConsole</i></a> ). It is usually linked to an implementation-defined special file. It shall provide an interface to the systemconsole conforming to the requirements of the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap11.html#tag_11">Chapter 11, General Terminal Interface</a>.</dd></dl><h3><a name="tag_10_02"></a>Output Devices and Terminal Types</h3><p>The utilities in the Shell and Utilities volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 historically have been implemented on a widerange of terminal types, but a conforming implementation need not support all features of all utilities on every conceivableterminal. IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 states which features are optional for certain classes of terminals in the individualutility description sections. The implementation shall document which terminal types it supports and which of these features andutilities are not supported by each terminal.</p><p>When a feature or utility is not supported on a specific terminal type, as allowed by IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, and theimplementation considers such a condition to be an error preventing use of the feature or utility, the implementation shallindicate such conditions through diagnostic messages or exit status values or both (as appropriate to the specific utilitydescription) that inform the user that the terminal type lacks the appropriate capability.</p><p>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 uses a notational convention based on historical practice that identifies some of the controlcharacters defined in <a href="xbd_chap07.html#tag_07_03_01"><i>LC_CTYPE</i></a> in a manner easily remembered by users on manyterminals. The correspondence between this " <control>- <i>char</i>" notation and the actual control characters is shown inthe following table. When IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 refers to a character by its <control>- <i>name</i>, it is referringto the actual control character shown in the Value column of the table, which is not necessarily the exact control key sequence onall terminals. Some terminals have keyboards that do not allow the direct transmission of all the non-alphanumeric charactersshown. In such cases, the system documentation shall describe which data sequences transmitted by the terminal are interpreted bythe system as representing the special characters.<br></p><center><b><a name="tagtcjh_6"></a> Table: Control Character Names</b></center><center><table border="1" cellpadding="3" align="center"><tr valign="top"><th align="center"><p class="tent"><b>Name</b></p></th><th align="center"><p class="tent"><b>Value</b></p></th><th align="center"><p class="tent"><b>Symbolic Name</b></p></th><th align="left"><p class="tent">Name</p></th><th align="center"><p class="tent"><b>Value</b></p></th><th align="center"><p class="tent"><b>Symbolic Name</b></p></th><th align="center"><p class="tent"><b> </b></p></th></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-A</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><SOH></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><SOH></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-Q</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DC1></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DC1></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-B</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><STX></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><STX></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-R</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DC2></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DC2></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-C</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><ETX></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><ETX></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-S</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DC3></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DC3></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-D</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><EOT></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><EOT></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-T</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DC4></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DC4></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-E</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><ENQ></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><ENQ></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-U</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><NAK></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><NAK></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-F</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><ACK></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><ACK></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-V</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><SYN></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><SYN></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-G</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><BEL></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><alert></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-W</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><ETB></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><ETB></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-H</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><BS></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><backspace></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-X</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><CAN></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><CAN></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-I</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><HT></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><tab></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-Y</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><EM></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><EM></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-J</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><LF></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><linefeed></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-Z</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><SUB></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><SUB></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-K</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><VT></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><vertical-tab></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-[</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><ESC></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><ESC></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-L</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><FF></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><form-feed></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-\</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><FS></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><FS></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-M</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><CR></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><carriage-return></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-]</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><GS></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><GS></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-N</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><SO></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><SO></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-^</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><RS></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><RS></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-O</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><SI></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><SI></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-_</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><US></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><US></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr><tr valign="top"><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-P</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DLE></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DLE></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><control>-?</p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DEL></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"><DEL></p></td><td align="left"><p class="tent"> </p></td></tr></table></center><basefont size="2"> <dl><dt><b>Note:</b></dt><dd>The notation uses uppercase letters for arbitrary editorial reasons. There is no implication that the keystrokes representcontrol-shift-letter sequences.</dd></dl><basefont size="3"> <hr size="2" noshade><center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href="../utilities/contents.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../functions/contents.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xrat/contents.html">XRAT</a>]</font></center><!--footer end--><hr size="2" noshade></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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