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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 --><!-- Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>fnmatch</title></head><body bgcolor="white"><basefont size="3"> <a name="fnmatch"></a> <a name="tag_03_175"></a><!-- fnmatch --> <!--header start--><center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition<br>Copyright © 2001-2003 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center><!--header end--><hr size="2" noshade><h4><a name="tag_03_175_01"></a>NAME</h4><blockquote>fnmatch - match a filename or a pathname</blockquote><h4><a name="tag_03_175_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4><blockquote class="synopsis"><p><code><tt>#include <<a href="../basedefs/fnmatch.h.html">fnmatch.h</a>><br><br> int fnmatch(const char *</tt><i>pattern</i><tt>, const char *</tt><i>string</i><tt>, int</tt> <i>flags</i><tt>);<br></tt></code></p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_03_175_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>fnmatch</i>() function shall match patterns as described in the Shell and Utilities volume ofIEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../utilities/xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_13_01">Section 2.13.1, Patterns Matching a SingleCharacter, and Section 2.13.2, Patterns Matching Multiple Characters</a>. It checks the string specified by the <i>string</i>argument to see if it matches the pattern specified by the <i>pattern</i> argument.</p><p>The <i>flags</i> argument shall modify the interpretation of <i>pattern</i> and <i>string</i>. It is the bitwise-inclusive OR ofzero or more of the flags defined in <a href="../basedefs/fnmatch.h.html"><i><fnmatch.h></i></a>. If the FNM_PATHNAME flag isset in <i>flags</i>, then a slash character ( <tt>'/'</tt> ) in <i>string</i> shall be explicitly matched by a slash in<i>pattern</i>; it shall not be matched by either the asterisk or question-mark special characters, nor by a bracket expression. Ifthe FNM_PATHNAME flag is not set, the slash character shall be treated as an ordinary character.</p><p>If FNM_NOESCAPE is not set in <i>flags</i>, a backslash character ( <tt>'\'</tt> ) in <i>pattern</i> followed by any othercharacter shall match that second character in <i>string</i>. In particular, <tt>"\\"</tt> shall match a backslash in<i>string</i>. If FNM_NOESCAPE is set, a backslash character shall be treated as an ordinary character.</p><p>If FNM_PERIOD is set in <i>flags</i>, then a leading period ( <tt>'.'</tt> ) in <i>string</i> shall match a period in<i>pattern</i>; as described by rule 2 in the Shell and Utilities volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../utilities/xcu_chap02.html#tag_02_13_02">Section 2.13.3, Patterns Used for Filename Expansion</a> where the location of"leading" is indicated by the value of FNM_PATHNAME:</p><ul><li><p>If FNM_PATHNAME is set, a period is "leading" if it is the first character in <i>string</i> or if it immediately follows aslash.</p></li><li><p>If FNM_PATHNAME is not set, a period is "leading" only if it is the first character of <i>string</i>.</p></li></ul><p>If FNM_PERIOD is not set, then no special restrictions are placed on matching a period.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_03_175_04"></a>RETURN VALUE</h4><blockquote><p>If <i>string</i> matches the pattern specified by <i>pattern</i>, then <i>fnmatch</i>() shall return 0. If there is no match,<i>fnmatch</i>() shall return FNM_NOMATCH, which is defined in <a href="../basedefs/fnmatch.h.html"><i><fnmatch.h></i></a>.If an error occurs, <i>fnmatch</i>() shall return another non-zero value.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_03_175_05"></a>ERRORS</h4><blockquote><p>No errors are defined.</p></blockquote><hr><div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div><h4><a name="tag_03_175_06"></a>EXAMPLES</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_03_175_07"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>fnmatch</i>() function has two major uses. It could be used by an application or utility that needs to read a directoryand apply a pattern against each entry. The <a href="../utilities/find.html"><i>find</i></a> utility is an example of this. It canalso be used by the <a href="../utilities/pax.html"><i>pax</i></a> utility to process its <i>pattern</i> operands, or byapplications that need to match strings in a similar manner.</p><p>The name <i>fnmatch</i>() is intended to imply <i>filename</i> match, rather than <i>pathname</i> match. The default action ofthis function is to match filenames, rather than pathnames, since it gives no special significance to the slash character. With theFNM_PATHNAME flag, <i>fnmatch</i>() does match pathnames, but without tilde expansion, parameter expansion, or special treatmentfor a period at the beginning of a filename.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_03_175_08"></a>RATIONALE</h4><blockquote><p>This function replaced the REG_FILENAME flag of <a href="../functions/regcomp.html"><i>regcomp</i>()</a> in early proposals ofthis volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. It provides virtually the same functionality as the <a href="../functions/regcomp.html"><i>regcomp</i>()</a> and <a href="../functions/regexec.html"><i>regexec</i>()</a> functions using theREG_FILENAME and REG_FSLASH flags (the REG_FSLASH flag was proposed for <a href="../functions/regcomp.html"><i>regcomp</i>()</a>,and would have had the opposite effect from FNM_PATHNAME), but with a simpler function and less system overhead.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_03_175_09"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_03_175_10"></a>SEE ALSO</h4><blockquote><p><a href="glob.html"><i>glob</i>()</a> , <a href="wordexp.html"><i>wordexp</i>()</a> , the Base Definitions volume ofIEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/fnmatch.h.html"><i><fnmatch.h></i></a>, the Shell and Utilities volumeof IEEE Std 1003.1-2001</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_03_175_11"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4><blockquote><p>First released in Issue 4. Derived from the ISO POSIX-2 standard.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_03_175_12"></a>Issue 5</h4><blockquote><p>Moved from POSIX2 C-language Binding to BASE.</p></blockquote><div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div><hr><hr size="2" noshade><center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href="../utilities/contents.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../functions/contents.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xrat/contents.html">XRAT</a>]</font></center><!--footer end--><hr size="2" noshade></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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