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<head><meta NAME="´°ÍâÈí¼þ¹¤³Ì" Content="Author:Asia Alien"><title>UML语义（中文）</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312"><link REL="stylesheet" HREF="../../newcss.css" TYPE="text/css"></head><body> <font face="Arial" size="5"><b><h3><font face="Arial" size="7"> <img border="0" src="i/umldilver.gif" WIDTH="606" HEIGHT="15"></font></h3> <h3></b></font><font size="5">13. <a name="13"></a>标准元素 <b><a href="umlsemantics001.htm">返回目录</a></b></font><font face="Arial" size="5"></h3> <blockquote> <p></font><font size="5">13.1 <a name="13.1"></a>描述</font><font face="Arial" size="5"></p> </font><p>构造型、标志值和限制条件是UML的可扩展机制。构造型扩展了元模型中的类，标志值扩展了元模型中类的属性，而限制条件扩展了元模型的语义。某些构造型、标志值和限制条件在UML中预定义；其它的可以由用户定义。本节将总结UML中所有预定义的构造型、标志值和限制条件，它们可以被统称为UML的标准元素。</p> <font face="Arial" size="5"><b><p></b></font><font size="5">13.2 <a name="13.2"></a>基本语义</font><font face="Arial" size="5"></p> </font><p>构造型、标志值和限制条件的语义参见第三节。</p> <font face="Times New Roman"><p></font>UML中所有预定义的构造型、标志值和限制条件或者具有与UML元模型中其它元素交互作用的强语义，或者是超越特定开发进程的重要的性质。其它构造型、标志值和限制条件可以在UML预定义元素的基础上根据特定开发进程进行裁剪。</p> <font face="Arial" size="5"><b><p></b></font><font size="5">13.3 <a name="13.3"></a>导出语义</font><font face="Arial" size="5"></p> </font><p>可扩展机制是UML的基本部分。所以，用户定义的构造型、标志值和限制条件可以是任何具有明确形式的模型的部分。然而，与这些用户定义元素相关的语义只能在定义这些元素的系统实例中得到保证。UML不会，也不可能需要或依赖任何用户定义的或扩展的构造型、标志值或限制条件的语义。</p> <font face="Arial" size="5"><b><p></b></font><font size="5">13.4 <a name="13.4"></a>标准元素</font><font face="Arial" size="5"></p> </font><font face="Times New Roman"><p></font>UML预定义了下列<font face="Times New Roman">35</font>个构造型：</p> <table border="1" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#000000" width="302" align="center"> <tr> <td width="38%">名字</td> <td width="38%">应用于</td> <td width="24%">定义位置</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">主角<font face="Times New Roman"><p></font> </td> <td width="38%">类型</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">5.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">应用程序</td> <td width="38%">构件</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">8.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">成为</td> <td width="38%">依赖</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">5.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">绑定</td> <td width="38%">依赖<p>协同</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4<p>9.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">调用</td> <td width="38%">依赖</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4</font></td> </tr> </table> <font face="Times New Roman"><p></font> <font face="Times New Roman"></p> <p></font> <font face="Times New Roman"></p> </font><table cellspacing="0" border="0" width="344" align="center"> <tr> <td width="40%">限制条件</td> <td width="41%">附注</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">3.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">复制</td> <td width="41%">依赖</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">5.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">导出</td> <td width="41%">依赖</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">2.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">文档</td> <td width="41%">构件</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">8.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">枚举</td> <td width="41%">基本类型</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">5.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">扩展</td> <td width="41%">一般化</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">外观</td> <td width="41%">包</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">2.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">文件</td> <td width="41%">构件</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">8.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">友元</td> <td width="41%">依赖</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">2.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">内接口</td> <td width="41%">依赖</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">2.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">实例</td> <td width="41%">依赖</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">5.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">界面</td> <td width="41%">类型</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">5.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">库</td> <td width="41%">构件</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">8.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">元类</td> <td width="41%">依赖<p>类型</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4<p>7.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">页</td> <td width="41%">构件</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">8.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">强类型</td> <td width="41%">依赖<p>类型</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4<p>6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">进程</td> <td width="41%">活动类</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">8.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">求精</td> <td width="41%">依赖</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">5.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">需求</td> <td width="41%">附注</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">3.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">角色</td> <td width="41%">依赖</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">发送</td> <td width="41%">依赖</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">信号</td> <td width="41%">类</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">5.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%"><font face="Times New Roman">stub</font></td> <td width="41%">包</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">2.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">子类</td> <td width="41%">一般化</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">子类型</td> <td width="41%">一般化</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">表</td> <td width="41%">构件</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">8.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">线程</td> <td width="41%">活动类</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">8.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">追踪</td> <td width="41%">依赖</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">2.4 </font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">使用</td> <td width="41%">依赖</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%">实用工具</td> <td width="41%">类型</td> <td width="19%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%"></td> <td width="41%"></td> <td width="19%"></td> </tr> </table> <font face="Times New Roman"><p>UML</font>预定义了下列<font face="Times New Roman">10</font>个标志值：</p> <table border="1" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#000000" width="534" align="center"> <tr> <td width="22%">名字</td> <td width="22%">值</td> <td width="22%">应用于</td> <td width="35%">定义位置</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%">文档</td> <td width="22%">字符串</td> <td width="22%">元素</td> <td width="35%"><font face="Times New Roman">2.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%">常量</td> <td width="22%">未解释的</td> <td width="22%">类型</td> <td width="35%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%">定位</td> <td width="22%">构件<p>结点</td> <td width="22%">模型元素<p>构件</td> <td width="35%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4<p>7.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%">持久性</td> <td width="22%">枚举</td> <td width="22%">类型<p>实例</p> <p>属性</td> <td width="35%"><font face="Times New Roman">5.4<p>5.4</p> <p>5.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%">后置条件</td> <td width="22%">未解释的</td> <td width="22%">操作</td> <td width="35%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%">前置条件</td> <td width="22%">未解释的</td> <td width="22%">操作</td> <td width="35%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%">责任</td> <td width="22%">字符串</td> <td width="22%">类型</td> <td width="35%"><font face="Times New Roman">5.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%">语义</td> <td width="22%">未解释的</td> <td width="22%">类型<p>操作</td> <td width="35%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4<p>7.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%">空间语义</td> <td width="22%">未解释的</td> <td width="22%">类型<p>操作</td> <td width="35%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4<p>7.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%">时间语义</td> <td width="22%">未解释的</td> <td width="22%">类型<p>操作</td> <td width="35%"><font face="Times New Roman">7.4<p>7.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="22%"> </td> <td width="22%"> </td> <td width="22%"> </td> <td width="35%"> </td> </tr> </table> <font face="Times New Roman"><p></font>UML预定义了下列<font face="Times New Roman">14</font>个限制条件：</p> <table border="1" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#000000" width="302" align="center"> <tr> <td width="38%">名字</td> <td width="38%">应用于</td> <td width="24%">定义位置</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">关联</td> <td width="38%">链接角色</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">11.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">广播</td> <td width="38%">消息</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">11.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">完整</td> <td width="38%">一般化</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">互斥</td> <td width="38%">一般化</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">全局</td> <td width="38%">链接角色</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">11.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">隐含</td> <td width="38%">关联</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">不完整</td> <td width="38%">一般化</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">局部</td> <td width="38%">链接角色</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">11.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">或</td> <td width="38%">关联</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">有序</td> <td width="38%">关联角色</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">重叠</td> <td width="38%">一般化</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">6.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">参数</td> <td width="38%">链接角色</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">11.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">自</td> <td width="38%">链接角色</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">11.4</font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="38%">表决</td> <td width="38%">消息</td> <td width="24%"><font face="Times New Roman">11.4</font></td> </tr> </table> </blockquote> <p><b><a href="umlsemantics001.htm">返回目录</a></b></p></body>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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