main.c

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 *
 * This routine also checks for options meant for the kernel.
 * These options are not given to init - they are for internal kernel use only.
 */
static void __init parse_options(char *line)
{
	char *next,*quote;
	int args, envs;

	if (!*line)
		return;
	args = 0;
	envs = 1;	/* TERM is set to 'linux' by default */
	next = line;
	while ((line = next) != NULL) {
                quote = strchr(line,'"');
                next = strchr(line, ' ');
                while (next != NULL && quote != NULL && quote < next) {
                        /* we found a left quote before the next blank
                         * now we have to find the matching right quote
                         */
                        next = strchr(quote+1, '"');
                        if (next != NULL) {
                                quote = strchr(next+1, '"');
                                next = strchr(next+1, ' ');
                        }
                }
                if (next != NULL)
                        *next++ = 0;
		if (!strncmp(line,"init=",5)) {
			line += 5;
			execute_command = line;
			/* In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
			 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
			 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
			 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
			 */
			args = 0;
			continue;
		}
		if (checksetup(line))
			continue;
		
		/*
		 * Then check if it's an environment variable or
		 * an option.
		 */
		if (strchr(line,'=')) {
			if (envs >= MAX_INIT_ENVS)
				break;
			envp_init[++envs] = line;
		} else {
			if (args >= MAX_INIT_ARGS)
				break;
			if (*line)
				argv_init[++args] = line;
		}
	}
	argv_init[args+1] = NULL;
	envp_init[envs+1] = NULL;
}


extern void setup_arch(char **);
extern void cpu_idle(void);

unsigned long wait_init_idle;

#ifndef CONFIG_SMP

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
static void __init smp_init(void)
{
	APIC_init_uniprocessor();
}
#else
#define smp_init()	do { } while (0)
#endif

#else


/* Called by boot processor to activate the rest. */
static void __init smp_init(void)
{
	/* Get other processors into their bootup holding patterns. */
	smp_boot_cpus();
	wait_init_idle = cpu_online_map;
	clear_bit(current->processor, &wait_init_idle); /* Don't wait on me! */

	smp_threads_ready=1;
	smp_commence();

	/* Wait for the other cpus to set up their idle processes */
	printk("Waiting on wait_init_idle (map = 0x%lx)\n", wait_init_idle);
	while (wait_init_idle) {
		cpu_relax();
		barrier();
	}
	printk("All processors have done init_idle\n");
}

#endif

/*
 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
 * cpu_idle.
 */

static void rest_init(void)
{
	kernel_thread(init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES | CLONE_SIGNAL);
	unlock_kernel();
	current->need_resched = 1;
 	cpu_idle();
} 

/*
 *	Activate the first processor.
 */

asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
{
	char * command_line;
	unsigned long mempages;
	extern char saved_command_line[];
/*
 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
 * enable them
 */
	lock_kernel();
	printk(linux_banner);
	setup_arch(&command_line);
	printk("Kernel command line: %s\n", saved_command_line);
	parse_options(command_line);
	trap_init();
	init_IRQ();
	sched_init();
	softirq_init();
	time_init();

	/*
	 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
	 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
	 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
	 */
	console_init();
#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
	init_modules();
#endif
	if (prof_shift) {
		unsigned int size;
		/* only text is profiled */
		prof_len = (unsigned long) &_etext - (unsigned long) &_stext;
		prof_len >>= prof_shift;
		
		size = prof_len * sizeof(unsigned int) + PAGE_SIZE-1;
		prof_buffer = (unsigned int *) alloc_bootmem(size);
	}

	kmem_cache_init();
	sti();
	calibrate_delay();
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
			initrd_start < min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) {
		printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
		    "disabling it.\n",initrd_start,min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
		initrd_start = 0;
	}
#endif
	mem_init();
	kmem_cache_sizes_init();
	pgtable_cache_init();

#ifdef CONFIG_PERFMON
	perfmon_init();
#endif
	mempages = num_physpages;

	fork_init(mempages);
	proc_caches_init();
	vfs_caches_init(mempages);
	buffer_init(mempages);
	page_cache_init(mempages);
#if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_S390)
	ccwcache_init();
#endif
	signals_init();
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
	proc_root_init();
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_SYSVIPC)
	ipc_init();
#endif
	check_bugs();
	printk("POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX\n");

	/* 
	 *	We count on the initial thread going ok 
	 *	Like idlers init is an unlocked kernel thread, which will
	 *	make syscalls (and thus be locked).
	 */
	smp_init();
	rest_init();
}

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
static int do_linuxrc(void * shell)
{
	static char *argv[] = { "linuxrc", NULL, };

	close(0);close(1);close(2);
	setsid();
	(void) open("/dev/console",O_RDWR,0);
	(void) dup(0);
	(void) dup(0);
	return execve(shell, argv, envp_init);
}

#endif

struct task_struct *child_reaper = &init_task;

static void __init do_initcalls(void)
{
	initcall_t *call;

	call = &__initcall_start;
	do {
		(*call)();
		call++;
	} while (call < &__initcall_end);

	/* Make sure there is no pending stuff from the initcall sequence */
	flush_scheduled_tasks();
}

/*
 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
 * running, and memory and process management works.
 *
 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
 */
static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
{

	/*
	 * Tell the world that we're going to be the grim
	 * reaper of innocent orphaned children.
	 *
	 * We don't want people to have to make incorrect
	 * assumptions about where in the task array this
	 * can be found.
	 */
	child_reaper = current;

#if defined(CONFIG_MTRR)	/* Do this after SMP initialization */
/*
 * We should probably create some architecture-dependent "fixup after
 * everything is up" style function where this would belong better
 * than in init/main.c..
 */
	mtrr_init();
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
	sysctl_init();
#endif

	/*
	 * Ok, at this point all CPU's should be initialized, so
	 * we can start looking into devices..
	 */
#if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_S390)
	s390_init_machine_check();
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_PCI
	pci_init();
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SBUS
	sbus_init();
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_PPC)
	ppc_init();
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MCA
	mca_init();
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ACORN
	ecard_init();
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
	zorro_init();
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DIO
	dio_init();
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_NUBUS
	nubus_init();
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ISAPNP
	isapnp_init();
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TC
	tc_init();
#endif

	/* Networking initialization needs a process context */ 
	sock_init();

	start_context_thread();
	do_initcalls();

#ifdef CONFIG_IRDA
	irda_proto_init();
	irda_device_init(); /* Must be done after protocol initialization */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PCMCIA
	init_pcmcia_ds();		/* Do this last */
#endif
}

extern void rd_load(void);
extern void initrd_load(void);

/*
 * Prepare the namespace - decide what/where to mount, load ramdisks, etc.
 */
static void prepare_namespace(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
	int real_root_mountflags = root_mountflags;
	if (!initrd_start)
		mount_initrd = 0;
	if (mount_initrd)
		root_mountflags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
	real_root_dev = ROOT_DEV;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
	if (mount_initrd)
		initrd_load();
	else
#endif
	rd_load();
#endif

	/* Mount the root filesystem.. */
	mount_root();

	mount_devfs_fs ();

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
	root_mountflags = real_root_mountflags;
	if (mount_initrd && ROOT_DEV != real_root_dev
	    && MAJOR(ROOT_DEV) == RAMDISK_MAJOR && MINOR(ROOT_DEV) == 0) {
		int error;
		int i, pid;

		pid = kernel_thread(do_linuxrc, "/linuxrc", SIGCHLD);
		if (pid > 0) {
			while (pid != wait(&i)) {
				current->policy |= SCHED_YIELD;
				schedule();
			}
		}
		if (MAJOR(real_root_dev) != RAMDISK_MAJOR
		     || MINOR(real_root_dev) != 0) {
			error = change_root(real_root_dev,"/initrd");
			if (error)
				printk(KERN_ERR "Change root to /initrd: "
				    "error %d\n",error);
		}
	}
#endif
}

static int init(void * unused)
{
	lock_kernel();
	do_basic_setup();

	prepare_namespace();

	/*
	 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
	 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
	 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
	 */
	free_initmem();
	unlock_kernel();

	if (open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
		printk("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");

	(void) dup(0);
	(void) dup(0);
	
	/*
	 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
	 *
	 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are 
	 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
	 */

	if (execute_command)
		execve(execute_command,argv_init,envp_init);
	execve("/sbin/init",argv_init,envp_init);
	execve("/etc/init",argv_init,envp_init);
	execve("/bin/init",argv_init,envp_init);
	execve("/bin/sh",argv_init,envp_init);
	panic("No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.");
}