📄 online judge论坛-acm-icpc-[第03篇]acm-icpc竞赛之stl--pair.htm
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<td width="*" height="100%" style="font-size:9pt;line-height:12pt" valign="top"><img src="Skins/Default/topicface/face1.gif" border="0" alt="发贴心情" align="absmiddle"> <B>[第03篇]ACM/ICPC竞赛之STL--pair</B><BR><br><H1 align=center>第03篇 ACM/ICPC竞赛之STL--pair</H1><P>STL的<utility>头文件中描述了一个看上去非常简单的模板类pair，用来表示一个二元组或元素对，并提供了按照字典序对元素对进行大小比较的比较运算符模板函数。</P><P>例如，想要定义一个对象表示一个平面坐标点，则可以：</P><P>pair<double, double> p1;<br>cin >> p1.first >> p1.second;<br></P><P>pair模板类需要两个参数：首元素的数据类型和尾元素的数据类型。pair模板类对象有两个成员：first和second，分别表示首元素和尾元素。</P><P>在<utility>中已经定义了pair上的六个比较运算符：<、>、<=、>=、==、!=，其规则是先比较first，first相等时再比较second，这符合大多数应用的逻辑。当然，也可以通过重载这几个运算符来重新指定自己的比较逻辑。</P><P>除了直接定义一个pair对象外，如果需要即时生成一个pair对象，也可以调用在<utility>中定义的一个模板函数：make_pair。make_pair需要两个参数，分别为元素对的首元素和尾元素。</P><P>在题1067--Ugly Numbers中，就可以用pair来表示推演树上的结点，用first表示结点的值，用second表示结点是由父结点乘以哪一个因子得到的。</P><FONT size=3><PRE>#include <iostream><br>#include <queue><br><br>using namespace std;<br><br><FONT color=#ff0000>typedef pair<unsigned long, int> node_type;<br></FONT><br>main()<br>{<br> unsigned long result[1500];<br> priority_queue< <FONT color=#ff0000>node_type</FONT>, vector<<FONT color=#ff0000>node_type</FONT>>, greater<<FONT color=#ff0000>node_type</FONT>> > Q;<br> Q.push( <FONT color=#ff0000>make_pair(1, 2)</FONT> );<br> for (int i=0; i<1500; i++)<br> {<br> node_type node = Q.top(); Q.pop();<br> switch(<FONT color=#ff0000>node.second</FONT>)<br> {<br> case 2: Q.push( <FONT color=#ff0000>make_pair(node.first*2, 2)</FONT> );<br> case 3: Q.push( <FONT color=#ff0000>make_pair(node.first*3, 3)</FONT> );<br> case 5: Q.push( <FONT color=#ff0000>make_pair(node.first*5, 5)</FONT> );<br> }<br> result[i] = <FONT color=#ff0000>node.first</FONT>;<br> }<br><br> int n;<br> cin >> n;<br> while (n>0)<br> {<br> cout << result[n-1] << endl; <br> cin >> n;<br> }<br> <br> return 1;<br>}</PRE><P><utility>看上去是很简单的一个头文件，但是<utility>的设计中却浓缩反映了STL设计的基本思想。有意深入了解和研究STL的同学，仔细阅读和体会这个简单的头文件，不失为一种入门的途径。</P></FONT><br><div align=right><font color=#000066>[此贴子已经被作者于2005-10-3 17:36:04编辑过]</font></div></td>
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