📄 online judge论坛-acm-icpc-[第04篇]acm-icpc竞赛之stl--vector.htm
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<td width="*" height="100%" style="font-size:9pt;line-height:12pt" valign="top"><img src="Skins/Default/topicface/face1.gif" border="0" alt="发贴心情" align="absmiddle"> <B>[第04篇]ACM/ICPC竞赛之STL--vector</B><BR><H1 align=center>第04篇 ACM/ICPC竞赛之STL--vector</H1><P>在STL的<vector>头文件中定义了vector（向量容器模板类），vector容器以连续数组的方式存储元素序列，可以将vector看作是以顺序结构实现的线性表。当我们在程序中需要使用动态数组时，vector将会是理想的选择，vector可以在使用过程中动态地增长存储空间。</P><P>vector模板类需要两个模板参数，第一个参数是存储元素的数据类型，第二个参数是存储分配器的类型，其中第二个参数是可选的，如果不给出第二个参数，将使用默认的分配器。</P><P>下面给出几个常用的定义vector向量对象的方法示例：</P><P>vector<int> s; <br>定义一个空的vector对象，存储的是int类型的元素。</P>vector<int> s(n); <br>定义一个含有n个int元素的vector对象。<br><P>vector<int> s(first, last); <br>定义一个vector对象，并从由迭代器first和last定义的序列[first, last)中复制初值。</P><P>vector的基本操作有：</P><P>s[i]<br>直接以下标方式访问容器中的元素。</P>s.front()<br>返回首元素。<br><P>s.back()<br>返回尾元素。</P>s.push_back(x)<br>向表尾插入元素x。<br><P>s.size()<br>返回表长。</P>s.empty()<br>当表空时，返回真，否则返回假。<br><P>s.pop_back()<br>删除表尾元素。</P>s.begin()<br>返回指向首元素的随机存取迭代器。<br><P>s.end()<br>返回指向尾元素的下一个位置的随机存取迭代器。</P>s.insert(it, x)<br>向迭代器it指向的元素前插入新元素val。<br><P>s.insert(it, n, x)<br>向迭代器it指向的元素前插入n个x。</P>s.insert(it, first, last)<br>将由迭代器first和last所指定的序列[first, last)插入到迭代器it指向的元素前面。<br><P>s.erase(it)<br>删除由迭代器it所指向的元素。</P>s.erase(first, last)<br>删除由迭代器first和last所指定的序列[first, last)。<br><P>s.reserve(n)<br>预分配缓冲空间，使存储空间至少可容纳n个元素。</P>s.resize(n)<br>改变序列的长度，超出的元素将会被删除，如果序列需要扩展（原空间小于n），元素默认值将填满扩展出的空间。<br><P>s.resize(n, val)<br>改变序列的长度，超出的元素将会被删除，如果序列需要扩展（原空间小于n），将用val填满扩展出的空间。</P>s.clear()<br>删除容器中的所有的元素。<br><P>s.swap(v)<br>将s与另一个vector对象v进行交换。</P>s.assign(first, last)<br>将序列替换成由迭代器first和last所指定的序列[first, last)。[first, last)不能是原序列中的一部分。<br><P>要注意的是，resize操作和clear操作都是对表的有效元素进行的操作，但并不一定会改变缓冲空间的大小。</P><P>另外，vector还有其他一些操作如反转、取反等，不再一下列举。</P><P>vector上还定义了序列之间的比较操作运算符(>, <, >=, <=, ==, !=)，可以按照字典序比较两个序列。</P><P>还是来看一些示例代码。输入个数不定的一组整数，再将这组整数按倒序输出，如下所示：</P><P>#include <iostream><br>#include <vector><br>using namespace std;<br>main()<br>{<br> vector<int> L;<br> int x;<br> while (cin>>x) L.push_back(x);<br> for (int i=L.size()-1; i>=0; i--) cout << L[i] << " ";<br> cout << endl;<br> return 1;<br>}</P><br><div align=right><font color=#000066>[此贴子已经被作者于2005-10-3 20:32:28编辑过]</font></div></td>
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<td width="70" align="right">第 <font color="#FF0000">2</font> 楼</td>
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<td width="70" align="right">第 <font color="#FF0000">3</font> 楼</td>
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