common.php

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     * Requires that the DB implementation's constructor fills
     * in the <var>$errorcode_map</var> property.
     *
     * @param mixed  $nativecode  the native error code, as returned by the
     * backend database extension (string or integer)
     *
     * @return int a portable DB error code, or DB_ERROR if this DB
     * implementation has no mapping for the given error code.
     *
     * @access public
     */
    function errorCode($nativecode)
    {
        if (isset($this->errorcode_map[$nativecode])) {
            return $this->errorcode_map[$nativecode];
        }
        // Fall back to DB_ERROR if there was no mapping.
        return DB_ERROR;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ errorMessage()

    /**
     * Map a DB error code to a textual message.  This is actually
     * just a wrapper for DB::errorMessage()
     *
     * @param integer $dbcode the DB error code
     *
     * @return string the corresponding error message, of false
     * if the error code was unknown
     *
     * @access public
     */
    function errorMessage($dbcode)
    {
        return DB::errorMessage($this->errorcode_map[$dbcode]);
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ raiseError()

    /**
     * Communicate an error and invoke error callbacks, etc
     *
     * Basically a wrapper for PEAR::raiseError without the message string.
     *
     * @param mixed    integer error code, or a PEAR error object (all
     *                 other parameters are ignored if this parameter is
     *                 an object
     *
     * @param int      error mode, see PEAR_Error docs
     *
     * @param mixed    If error mode is PEAR_ERROR_TRIGGER, this is the
     *                 error level (E_USER_NOTICE etc).  If error mode is
     *                 PEAR_ERROR_CALLBACK, this is the callback function,
     *                 either as a function name, or as an array of an
     *                 object and method name.  For other error modes this
     *                 parameter is ignored.
     *
     * @param string   Extra debug information.  Defaults to the last
     *                 query and native error code.
     *
     * @param mixed    Native error code, integer or string depending the
     *                 backend.
     *
     * @return object  a PEAR error object
     *
     * @access public
     * @see PEAR_Error
     */
    function &raiseError($code = DB_ERROR, $mode = null, $options = null,
                         $userinfo = null, $nativecode = null)
    {
        // The error is yet a DB error object
        if (is_object($code)) {
            // because we the static PEAR::raiseError, our global
            // handler should be used if it is set
            if ($mode === null && !empty($this->_default_error_mode)) {
                $mode    = $this->_default_error_mode;
                $options = $this->_default_error_options;
            }
            $tmp = PEAR::raiseError($code, null, $mode, $options, null, null, true);
            return $tmp;
        }

        if ($userinfo === null) {
            $userinfo = $this->last_query;
        }

        if ($nativecode) {
            $userinfo .= ' [nativecode=' . trim($nativecode) . ']';
        }

        $tmp = PEAR::raiseError(null, $code, $mode, $options, $userinfo,
                                'DB_Error', true);
        return $tmp;
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ setFetchMode()

    /**
     * Sets which fetch mode should be used by default on queries
     * on this connection
     *
     * @param integer $fetchmode DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED or
     *        DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC, possibly bit-wise OR'ed with
     *        DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED.
     *
     * @param string $object_class The class of the object
     *                      to be returned by the fetch methods when
     *                      the DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT mode is selected.
     *                      If no class is specified by default a cast
     *                      to object from the assoc array row will be done.
     *                      There is also the posibility to use and extend the
     *                      'DB_row' class.
     *
     * @see DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED
     * @see DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC
     * @see DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED
     * @see DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT
     * @see DB_row::DB_row()
     * @access public
     */
    function setFetchMode($fetchmode, $object_class = 'stdClass')
    {
        switch ($fetchmode) {
            case DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT:
                $this->fetchmode_object_class = $object_class;
            case DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED:
            case DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC:
                $this->fetchmode = $fetchmode;
                break;
            default:
                return $this->raiseError('invalid fetchmode mode');
        }
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ setOption()

    /**
     * Set run-time configuration options for PEAR DB
     *
     * Options, their data types, default values and description:
     * <ul>
     * <li>
     * <var>autofree</var> <kbd>boolean</kbd> = <samp>false</samp>
     *      <br />should results be freed automatically when there are no
     *            more rows?
     * </li><li>
     * <var>debug</var> <kbd>integer</kbd> = <samp>0</samp>
     *      <br />debug level
     * </li><li>
     * <var>persistent</var> <kbd>boolean</kbd> = <samp>false</samp>
     *      <br />should the connection be persistent?
     * </li><li>
     * <var>portability</var> <kbd>integer</kbd> = <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_NONE</samp>
     *      <br />portability mode constant (see below)
     * </li><li>
     * <var>seqname_format</var> <kbd>string</kbd> = <samp>%s_seq</samp>
     *      <br />the sprintf() format string used on sequence names.  This
     *            format is applied to sequence names passed to
     *            createSequence(), nextID() and dropSequence().
     * </li><li>
     * <var>ssl</var> <kbd>boolean</kbd> = <samp>false</samp>
     *      <br />use ssl to connect?
     * </li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * -----------------------------------------
     *
     * PORTABILITY MODES
     *
     * These modes are bitwised, so they can be combined using <kbd>|</kbd>
     * and removed using <kbd>^</kbd>.  See the examples section below on how
     * to do this.
     *
     * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_NONE</samp>
     * turn off all portability features
     *
     * This mode gets automatically turned on if the deprecated
     * <var>optimize</var> option gets set to <samp>performance</samp>.
     *
     *
     * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE</samp>
     * convert names of tables and fields to lower case when using
     * <kbd>get*()</kbd>, <kbd>fetch*()</kbd> and <kbd>tableInfo()</kbd>
     *
     * This mode gets automatically turned on in the following databases
     * if the deprecated option <var>optimize</var> gets set to
     * <samp>portability</samp>:
     * + oci8
     *
     *
     * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM</samp>
     * right trim the data output by <kbd>get*()</kbd> <kbd>fetch*()</kbd>
     *
     *
     * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_DELETE_COUNT</samp>
     * force reporting the number of rows deleted
     *
     * Some DBMS's don't count the number of rows deleted when performing
     * simple <kbd>DELETE FROM tablename</kbd> queries.  This portability
     * mode tricks such DBMS's into telling the count by adding
     * <samp>WHERE 1=1</samp> to the end of <kbd>DELETE</kbd> queries.
     *
     * This mode gets automatically turned on in the following databases
     * if the deprecated option <var>optimize</var> gets set to
     * <samp>portability</samp>:
     * + fbsql
     * + mysql
     * + mysqli
     * + sqlite
     *
     *
     * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_NUMROWS</samp>
     * enable hack that makes <kbd>numRows()</kbd> work in Oracle
     *
     * This mode gets automatically turned on in the following databases
     * if the deprecated option <var>optimize</var> gets set to
     * <samp>portability</samp>:
     * + oci8
     *
     *
     * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_ERRORS</samp>
     * makes certain error messages in certain drivers compatible
     * with those from other DBMS's
     *
     * + mysql, mysqli:  change unique/primary key constraints
     *   DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS -> DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT
     *
     * + odbc(access):  MS's ODBC driver reports 'no such field' as code
     *   07001, which means 'too few parameters.'  When this option is on
     *   that code gets mapped to DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD.
     *   DB_ERROR_MISMATCH -> DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD
     *
     *
     * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_NULL_TO_EMPTY</samp>
     * convert null values to empty strings in data output by get*() and
     * fetch*().  Needed because Oracle considers empty strings to be null,
     * while most other DBMS's know the difference between empty and null.
     *
     *
     * <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_ALL</samp>
     * turn on all portability features
     *
     * -----------------------------------------
     *
     * Example 1. Simple setOption() example
     * <code> <?php
     * $dbh->setOption('autofree', true);
     * ?></code>
     *
     * Example 2. Portability for lowercasing and trimming
     * <code> <?php
     * $dbh->setOption('portability',
     *                  DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE | DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM);
     * ?></code>
     *
     * Example 3. All portability options except trimming
     * <code> <?php
     * $dbh->setOption('portability',
     *                  DB_PORTABILITY_ALL ^ DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM);
     * ?></code>
     *
     * @param string $option option name
     * @param mixed  $value value for the option
     *
     * @return int  DB_OK on success.  DB_Error object on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::$options
     */
    function setOption($option, $value)
    {
        if (isset($this->options[$option])) {
            $this->options[$option] = $value;

            /*
             * Backwards compatibility check for the deprecated 'optimize'
             * option.  Done here in case settings change after connecting.
             */
            if ($option == 'optimize') {
                if ($value == 'portability') {
                    switch ($this->phptype) {
                        case 'oci8':
                            $this->options['portability'] =
                                    DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE |
                                    DB_PORTABILITY_NUMROWS;
                            break;
                        case 'fbsql':
                        case 'mysql':
                        case 'mysqli':
                        case 'sqlite':
                            $this->options['portability'] =
                                    DB_PORTABILITY_DELETE_COUNT;
                            break;
                    }
                } else {
                    $this->options['portability'] = DB_PORTABILITY_NONE;
                }
            }

            return DB_OK;
        }
        return $this->raiseError("unknown option $option");
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ getOption()

    /**
     * Returns the value of an option
     *
     * @param string $option option name
     *
     * @return mixed the option value
     */
    function getOption($option)
    {
        if (isset($this->options[$option])) {
            return $this->options[$option];
        }
        return $this->raiseError("unknown option $option");
    }

    // }}}
    // {{{ prepare()

    /**
     * Prepares a query for multiple execution with execute()
     *
     * Creates a query that can be run multiple times.  Each time it is run,
     * the placeholders, if any, will be replaced by the contents of
     * execute()'s $data argument.
     *
     * Three types of placeholders can be used:
     *   + <kbd>?</kbd>  scalar value (i.e. strings, integers).  The system
     *                   will automatically quote and escape the data.
     *   + <kbd>!</kbd>  value is inserted 'as is'
     *   + <kbd>&</kbd>  requires a file name.  The file's contents get
     *                   inserted into the query (i.e. saving binary
     *                   data in a db)
     *
     * Example 1.
     * <code> <?php
     * $sth = $dbh->prepare('INSERT INTO tbl (a, b, c) VALUES (?, !, &)');
     * $data = array(
     *     "John's text",
     *     "'it''s good'",
     *     'filename.txt'
     * );
     * $res = $dbh->execute($sth, $data);
     * ?></code>
     *
     * Use backslashes to escape placeholder characters if you don't want
     * them to be interpreted as placeholders:
     * <pre>
     *    "UPDATE foo SET col=? WHERE col='over \& under'"
     * </pre>
     *
     * With some database backends, this is emulated.
     *
     * {@internal ibase and oci8 have their own prepare() methods.}}
     *
     * @param string $query query to be prepared
     *
     * @return mixed DB statement resource on success. DB_Error on failure.
     *
     * @see DB_common::execute()
     * @access public
     */
    function prepare($query)
    {

		$tokens   = preg_split('/((?<!\\\)[&?!])/', $query, -1,
							   PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
		$token     = 0;
		$types     = array();
		$newtokens = array();

		foreach ($tokens as $val) {
			switch ($val) {
				case '?':
					$types[$token++] = DB_PARAM_SCALAR;
					break;
				case '&':
					$types[$token++] = DB_PARAM_OPAQUE;
					break;
				case '!':
					$types[$token++] = DB_PARAM_MISC;
					break;
				default:
					$newtokens[] = preg_replace('/\\\([&?!])/', "\\1", $val);
			}
		}

		$this->prepare_tokens[] = &$newtokens;
		end($this->prepare_tokens);

		$k = key($this->prepare_tokens);
		$this->prepare_types[$k] = $types;
		$this->prepared_queries[$k] = implode(' ', $newtokens);

        return $k;
    }