avrdude.texi

这是一个非常有价值的参考代码

@end example

If you wish to install from a pre-built package instead of the source,
you can use the following instead:

@example
% su - root
# pkg_add -r avrdude
@end example

Of course, you must be connected to the Internet for these methods to
work, since that is where the source as well as the pre-built package is
obtained.

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Linux Installation,  , FreeBSD Installation, Unix Installation
@subsubsection Linux Installation

@noindent
On rpm based linux systems (such as RedHat, SUSE, Mandrake, etc), you
can build and install the rpm binaries directly from the tarball:

@example
$ su - root
# rpmbuild -tb avrdude-@value{VERSION}.tar.gz
# rpm -Uvh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/avrdude-@value{VERSION}-1.i386.rpm
@end example

Note that the path to the resulting rpm package, differs from system
to system. The above example is specific to RedHat.

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Unix Configuration Files, Unix Port Names, Unix Installation, Unix
@subsection Unix Configuration Files

@noindent
When AVRDUDE is build using the default @option{--prefix} configure
option, the default configuration file for a Unix system is located at
@code{/usr/local/etc/avrdude.conf}.  This can be overridden by using the
@option{-C} command line option.  Additionally, the user's home directory
is searched for a file named @code{.avrduderc}, and if found, is used to
augment the system default configuration file.

@menu
* FreeBSD Configuration Files::  
* Linux Configuration Files::   
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node FreeBSD Configuration Files, Linux Configuration Files, Unix Configuration Files, Unix Configuration Files
@subsubsection FreeBSD Configuration Files

@noindent
When AVRDUDE is installed using the FreeBSD ports system, the system
configuration file is always @code{/usr/local/etc/avrdude.conf}.

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Linux Configuration Files,  , FreeBSD Configuration Files, Unix Configuration Files
@subsubsection Linux Configuration Files

@noindent
When AVRDUDE is installed using from an rpm package, the system
configuration file will be always be @code{/etc/avrdude.conf}.

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Unix Port Names, Unix Documentation, Unix Configuration Files, Unix
@subsection Unix Port Names

@noindent
The parallel and serial port device file names are system specific.
The following table lists the default names for a given system.

@multitable @columnfractions .30 .30 .30
@item @strong{System}
  @tab @strong{Default Parallel Port}
  @tab @strong{Default Serial Port}
@item FreeBSD
  @tab @code{/dev/ppi0}
  @tab @code{/dev/cuaa0}
@item Linux
  @tab @code{/dev/parport0}
  @tab @code{/dev/ttyS0}
@end multitable

On FreeBSD systems, AVRDUDE uses the ppi(4) interface for
accessing the parallel port and the sio(4) driver for serial port
access.

On Linux systems, AVRDUDE uses the ppdev interface for
accessing the parallel port and the tty driver for serial port
access.

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Unix Documentation,  , Unix Port Names, Unix
@subsection Unix Documentation

@noindent
AVRDUDE installs a manual page as well as info, HTML and PDF
documentation.  The manual page is installed in
@code{/usr/local/man/man1} area, while the HTML and PDF documentation
is installed in @code{/usr/local/share/doc/avrdude} directory.  The
info manual is installed in @code{/usr/local/info/avrdude.info}.

Note that these locations can be altered by various configure options
such as @option{--prefix}.

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Windows,  , Unix, Platform Dependent Information
@section Windows

@menu
* Windows Installation::        
* Windows Configuration Files::  
* Windows Port Names::          
* Using the parallel port::     
* Documentation::               
* Credits.::                    
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Windows Installation, Windows Configuration Files, Windows, Windows
@subsection Installation

@noindent
A Windows executable of avrdude is included in WinAVR which can be found at
@url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/winavr}. WinAVR is a suite of executable, 
open source software development tools for the AVR for the Windows platform.

To build avrdude from the source You must have Cygwin (@url{http://www.cygwin.com/}).

To build and install from the source tarball for Windows (using Cygwin):

@example
$ set PREFIX=<your install directory path>
$ export PREFIX
$ gunzip -c avrdude-@value{VERSION}.tar.gz | tar xf -
$ cd avrdude-@value{VERSION}
$ ./configure LDFLAGS="-static" --prefix=$PREFIX --datadir=$PREFIX 
--sysconfdir=$PREFIX/bin --enable-versioned-doc=no
$ make
$ make install
@end example


@c
@c Node
@c
@node Windows Configuration Files, Windows Port Names, Windows Installation, Windows
@subsection Configuration Files

@menu
* Configuration file names::    
* How AVRDUDE finds the configuration files.::  
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Configuration file names, How AVRDUDE finds the configuration files., Windows Configuration Files, Windows Configuration Files
@subsubsection Configuration file names

@noindent
AVRDUDE on Windows looks for a system configuration file name of
@code{avrdude.conf} and looks for a user override configuration file of
@code{avrdude.rc}.

@c
@c Node
@c
@node How AVRDUDE finds the configuration files.,  , Configuration file names, Windows Configuration Files
@subsubsection How AVRDUDE finds the configuration files.
 
@noindent
AVRDUDE on Windows has a different way of searching for the system and
user configuration files. Below is the search method for locating the
configuration files:

@enumerate

@item
The directory from which the application loaded.

@item
The current directory.

@item
The Windows system directory. On Windows NT, the name of this directory
is @code{SYSTEM32}.

@item
Windows NT: The 16-bit Windows system directory. The name of this
directory is @code{SYSTEM}.

@item
The Windows directory.

@item
The directories that are listed in the PATH environment variable.

@end enumerate


@c
@c Node
@c
@node Windows Port Names, Using the parallel port, Windows Configuration Files, Windows
@subsection Port Names

@menu
* Serial Ports::                
* Parallel Ports::              
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Serial Ports, Parallel Ports, Windows Port Names, Windows Port Names
@subsubsection Serial Ports
 
@noindent
When you select a serial port (i.e. when using an STK500) use the
Windows serial port device names such as: com1, com2, etc.
 
@c
@c Node
@c
@node Parallel Ports,  , Serial Ports, Windows Port Names
@subsubsection Parallel Ports

@noindent
AVRDUDE will only accept 3 Windows parallel port names: lpt1, lpt2, or
lpt3.  Each of these names corresponds to a fixed parallel port base
address:

@table @code
@item lpt1
0x378

@item lpt2
0x278

@item lpt3
0x3BC

@end table

On your desktop PC, lpt1 will be the most common choice. If you are
using a laptop, you might have to use lpt3 instead of lpt1. Select the
name of the port the corresponds to the base address of the parallel
port that you want.


@c
@c Node
@c 
@node Using the parallel port, Documentation, Windows Port Names, Windows
@subsection Using the parallel port

@menu
* Windows NT/2K/XP::            
* Windows 95/98::               
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Windows NT/2K/XP, Windows 95/98, Using the parallel port, Using the parallel port
@subsubsection Windows NT/2K/XP

@noindent
On Windows NT, 2000, and XP user applications cannot directly access the
parallel port. However, kernel mode drivers can access the parallel port.
giveio.sys is a driver that can allow user applications to set the state
of the parallel port pins.

Before using AVRDUDE, the giveio.sys driver must be loaded. The
accompanying command-line program, loaddrv.exe, can do just that.

To make things even easier there are 3 batch files that are also
included:

@enumerate
@item install_giveio.bat
Install and start the giveio driver.

@item status_giveio.bat
Check on the status of the giveio driver.

@item remove_giveio.bat
Stop and remove the giveio driver from memory.
@end enumerate

These 3 batch files calls the loaddrv program with various options to
install, start, stop, and remove the driver.

When you first execute install_giveio.bat, loaddrv.exe and giveio.sys
must be in the current directory. When install_giveio.bat is executed it
will copy giveio.sys from your current directory to your Windows
directory. It will then load the driver from the Windows directory. This
means that after the first time install_giveio is executed, you should 
be able to subsequently execute the batch file from any directory and have
it successfully start the driver.

Note that you must have administrator privilege to load the giveio driver.

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Windows 95/98,  , Windows NT/2K/XP, Using the parallel port
@subsubsection Windows 95/98

@noindent
On Windows 95 and 98 the giveio.sys driver is not needed.


@c
@c Node
@c
@node Documentation, Credits., Using the parallel port, Windows
@subsection Documentation

@noindent
AVRDUDE installs a manual page as well as info, HTML and PDF
documentation.  The manual page is installed in
@code{/usr/local/man/man1} area, while the HTML and PDF documentation
is installed in @code{/usr/local/share/doc/avrdude} directory.  The
info manual is installed in @code{/usr/local/info/avrdude.info}.

Note that these locations can be altered by various configure options
such as @option{--prefix} and @option{--datadir}.


@c
@c Node
@c
@node Credits.,  , Documentation, Windows
@subsection Credits.

@noindent
Thanks to:

@itemize @bullet
@item
Dale Roberts for the giveio driver.

@item
Paula Tomlinson for the loaddrv sources.

@item
Chris Liechti <cliechti@@gmx.net> for modifying loaddrv to be command
line driven and for writing the batch files.

@end itemize

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Troubleshooting, ,Platform Dependent Information ,Top
@appendix Troubleshooting

@noindent
In general, please report any bugs encountered via
@url{http://savannah.nongnu.org/bugs/?group=avrdude}.


@itemize @bullet

@item
Problem: I'm using a serial programmer under Windows and get the following
error:

@code{avrdude: serial_open(): can't set attributes for device "com1"},

Solution: This problem seems to appear with certain versions of Cygwin. Specifying
@code{"/dev/com1"} instead of @code{"com1"} should help.


@item
Problem: I'm using linux and my AVR910 programmer is really slow.

Solution (short): @code{setserial @var{port} low_latency}

Solution (long):
There are two problems here. First, the system may wait some time before it
passes data from the serial port to the program. Under Linux the following
command works around this (you may need root privileges for this).

@code{setserial @var{port} low_latency}

Secondly, the serial interface chip may delay the interrupt for some time.
This behaviour can be changed by setting the FIFO-threshold to one. Under Linux this
can only be done by changing the kernel source in @code{drivers/char/serial.c}.
Search the file for @code{UART_FCR_TRIGGER_8} and replace it with @code{UART_FCR_TRIGGER_1}. Note that overall performance might suffer if there
is high throughput on serial lines. Also note that you are modifying the kernel at
your own risk.


@item
Problem: I'm not using linux and my AVR910 programmer is really slow.

Solutions: The reasons for this are the same as above.
If you know how to work around this on your OS, please let us know.

@item
Problem: I cannot modify the fuse bits on my AVR!

Solution: You probably forgot to specify the -u option, which allows you to modify fuse bits.
This is done to prevent corrupt data from changing the fuse bits without you knowing about it, and
currently also prevents the user from changing the fuse bits by accident. This patch was added in
response to a number of occasions when an AVR had stopped responding because the fuse bits got changed
by an error caused by the programmer. Programmer of course meaning both the physical device, and the
person sitting at the keyboard.

@item
Problem: AVRDUDE says my device is not supported when using the AVR109 boot loader

Solution: Currently, AVRDUDE uses the AVR910 device codes given in the
@code{avrdude.conf} file, and matches them against the list of supported
devices reported by the programmer.  Unfortunately, there are no device
codes at all for some of the newer AVR devices, and even worse, the
device codes listed in @code{preprocessor.xls} of appnote AVR109 do not
match those once specified in AVR910.

Use the -F option to force AVRDUDE to continue anyway.

@item
Problem: Updating the flash ROM from terminal mode does not work with the
JTAG ICE mkII.

Solution: None at this time.  Currently, the JTAG ICE mkII code cannot
write to the flash ROM one byte at a time.



@end itemize



@bye