avrdude.texi

这是一个非常有价值的参考代码

@item vtarg @var{voltage}
Set the target's supply voltage to @var{voltage} Volts.

@item varef @var{voltage}
Set the adjustable voltage source to @var{voltage} Volts.
This voltage is normally used to drive the target's
@emph{Aref} input on the STK500.

@item fosc @var{freq}[@var{M}|@var{k}]
Set the master oscillator to @var{freq} Hz.
An optional trailing letter @var{M}
multiplies by 1E6, a trailing letter @var{k} by 1E3.

@item fosc off
Turn the master oscillator off.

@item sck @var{period}
@emph{STK500 only:}
Set the SCK clock period to @var{period} microseconds.

@emph{JTAG ICE only:}
Set the JTAG ICE bit clock period to @var{period} microseconds.
Note that unlike STK500 settings, this setting will be reverted to
its default value (approximately 1 microsecond) when the programming
software signs off from the JTAG ICE.

@item parms
@emph{STK500 only:}
Display the current voltage and master oscillator parameters.

@emph{JTAG ICE only:}
Display the current target supply voltage and JTAG bit clock rate/period.

@end table

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Terminal Mode Examples,  , Terminal Mode Commands, Terminal Mode Operation
@section Terminal Mode Examples

@noindent
Display part parameters, modify eeprom cells, perform a chip erase:

@example
@cartouche
% avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -t

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9702
avrdude: current erase-rewrite cycle count is 52 (if being tracked)
avrdude> part
>>> part 

AVR Part              : ATMEGA128
Chip Erase delay      : 9000 us
PAGEL                 : PD7
BS2                   : PA0
RESET disposition     : dedicated
RETRY pulse           : SCK
serial program mode   : yes
parallel program mode : yes
Memory Detail         :

                            Page                       Polled
  Memory Type Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  MaxW   ReadBack
  ----------- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
  eeprom      no       4096    8     0  9000  9000 0xff 0xff
  flash       yes    131072  256   512  4500  9000 0xff 0x00
  lfuse       no          1    0     0     0     0 0x00 0x00
  hfuse       no          1    0     0     0     0 0x00 0x00
  efuse       no          1    0     0     0     0 0x00 0x00
  lock        no          1    0     0     0     0 0x00 0x00
  calibration no          1    0     0     0     0 0x00 0x00
  signature   no          3    0     0     0     0 0x00 0x00

avrdude> dump eeprom 0 16
>>> dump eeprom 0 16 
0000  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  |................|

avrdude> write eeprom 0 1 2 3 4
>>> write eeprom 0 1 2 3 4 

avrdude> dump eeprom 0 16
>>> dump eeprom 0 16 
0000  01 02 03 04 ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  |................|

avrdude> erase
>>> erase 
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude> dump eeprom 0 16
>>> dump eeprom 0 16 
0000  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  |................|

avrdude> 
@end cartouche
@end example


@noindent
Program the fuse bits of an ATmega128 (disable M103 compatibility,
enable high speed external crystal, enable brown-out detection, slowly
rising power).  Note since we are working with fuse bits the -u (unsafe)
option is specified, which allows you to modify the fuse bits. First 
display the factory defaults, then reprogram:

@example
@cartouche
% avrdude -p m128 -u -c stk500 -t

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9702
avrdude: current erase-rewrite cycle count is 52 (if being tracked)
avrdude> d efuse
>>> d efuse 
0000  fd                                                |.               |

avrdude> d hfuse
>>> d hfuse 
0000  99                                                |.               |

avrdude> d lfuse
>>> d lfuse 
0000  e1                                                |.               |

avrdude> w efuse 0 0xff
>>> w efuse 0 0xff 

avrdude> w hfuse 0 0x89
>>> w hfuse 0 0x89 

avrdude> w lfuse 0 0x2f
>>> w lfuse 0 0x2f 

avrdude> 
@end cartouche
@end example


@c
@c Node
@c
@node Configuration File, Platform Dependent Information, Terminal Mode Operation, Top
@chapter Configuration File

@noindent
AVRDUDE reads a configuration file upon startup which describes all of
the parts and programmers that it knows about.  The advantage of this is
that if you have a chip that is not currently supported by AVRDUDE, you
can add it to the configuration file without waiting for a new release
of AVRDUDE.  Likewise, if you have a parallel port programmer that is
not supported by AVRDUDE, chances are good that you can copy and
existing programmer definition, and with only a few changes, make your
programmer work with AVRDUDE.

AVRDUDE first looks for a system wide configuration file in a platform
dependent location.  On Unix, this is usually
@code{/usr/local/etc/avrdude.conf}, while on Windows it is usally in the
same location as the executable file.  The name of this file can be
changed using the @option{-C} command line option.  After the system wide
configuration file is parsed, AVRDUDE looks for a per-user configuration
file to augment or override the system wide defaults.  On Unix, the
per-user file is @code{.avrduderc} within the user's home directory.  On
Windows, this file is the @code{avrdude.rc} file located in the same
directory as the executable.

@menu
* AVRDUDE Defaults::            
* Programmer Definitions::      
* Part Definitions::            
* Other Notes::                 
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node AVRDUDE Defaults, Programmer Definitions, Configuration File, Configuration File
@section AVRDUDE Defaults

@table @code

@item default_parallel = "@var{default-parallel-device}";
Assign the default parallel port device.  Can be overidden using the
@option{-P} option.

@item default_serial = "@var{default-serial-device}";
Assign the default serial port device.  Can be overidden using the
@option{-P} option.

@item default_programmer = "@var{default-programmer-id}";
Assign the default programmer id.  Can be overidden using the @option{-c}
option.

@end table


@c
@c Node
@c
@node Programmer Definitions, Part Definitions, AVRDUDE Defaults, Configuration File
@section Programmer Definitions

@noindent
The format of the programmer definition is as follows:

@example
programmer
    id     = <id1> [, <id2> [, <id3>] ...] ;  # <idN> are quoted strings
    desc     = <description> ;                  # quoted string
    type     = par | stk500 ;                   # programmer type
    baudrate = <num> ;                          # baudrate for serial ports
    vcc      = <num1> [, <num2> ... ] ;         # pin number(s)
    reset    = <num> ;                          # pin number
    sck      = <num> ;                          # pin number
    mosi     = <num> ;                          # pin number
    miso     = <num> ;                          # pin number
    errled   = <num> ;                          # pin number
    rdyled   = <num> ;                          # pin number
    pgmled   = <num> ;                          # pin number
    vfyled   = <num> ;                          # pin number
  ;
@end example


@c
@c Node
@c
@node Part Definitions, Other Notes, Programmer Definitions, Configuration File
@section Part Definitions

@example
part
    id               = <id> ;                 # quoted string
    desc             = <description> ;        # quoted string
    devicecode       = <num> ;                # numeric
    chip_erase_delay = <num> ;                # micro-seconds
    pagel            = <num> ;                # pin name in hex, i.e., 0xD7
    bs2              = <num> ;                # pin name in hex, i.e., 0xA0
    reset            = dedicated | io;
    retry_pulse      = reset | sck;
    pgm_enable       = <instruction format> ;
    chip_erase       = <instruction format> ;
    memory <memtype>
        paged           = <yes/no> ;          # yes / no
        size            = <num> ;             # bytes
        page_size       = <num> ;             # bytes
        num_pages       = <num> ;             # numeric
        min_write_delay = <num> ;             # micro-seconds
        max_write_delay = <num> ;             # micro-seconds
        readback_p1     = <num> ;             # byte value
        readback_p2     = <num> ;             # byte value
        pwroff_after_write = <yes/no> ;       # yes / no
        read            = <instruction format> ;
        write           = <instruction format> ;
        read_lo         = <instruction format> ;
        read_hi         = <instruction format> ;
        write_lo        = <instruction format> ;
        write_hi        = <instruction format> ;
        loadpage_lo     = <instruction format> ;
        loadpage_hi     = <instruction format> ;
        writepage       = <instruction format> ;
      ;
  ;
@end example

@menu
* Instruction Format::
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Instruction Format,  , Part Definitions, Part Definitions
@subsection Instruction Format

@noindent
Instruction formats are specified as a comma seperated list of string
values containing information (bit specifiers) about each of the 32 bits
of the instruction.  Bit specifiers may be one of the following formats:

@table @code

@item 1
The bit is always set on input as well as output

@item 0
the bit is always clear on input as well as output

@item x
the bit is ignored on input and output

@item a
the bit is an address bit, the bit-number matches this bit specifier's
position within the current instruction byte

@item a@var{N}
the bit is the @var{N}th address bit, bit-number = N, i.e., @code{a12}
is address bit 12 on input, @code{a0} is address bit 0.

@item i
the bit is an input data bit

@item o
the bit is an output data bit

@end table

Each instruction must be composed of 32 bit specifiers.  The instruction
specification closely follows the instruction data provided in Atmel's
data sheets for their parts.  For example, the EEPROM read and write
instruction for an AT90S2313 AVR part could be encoded as:

@example

read  = "1  0  1  0   0  0  0  0   x x x x  x x x x",
        "x a6 a5 a4  a3 a2 a1 a0   o o o o  o o o o";

write = "1  1  0  0   0  0  0  0   x x x x  x x x x",
        "x a6 a5 a4  a3 a2 a1 a0   i i i i  i i i i";

@end example



@c
@c Node
@c
@node Other Notes,  , Part Definitions, Configuration File
@section Other Notes


@itemize @bullet
@item
The @code{devicecode} parameter is the device code used by the STK500
and is obtained from the software section (@code{avr061.zip}) of
Atmel's AVR061 application note available from
@url{http://www.atmel.com/atmel/acrobat/doc2525.pdf}.

@item
Not all memory types will implement all instructions.

@item
AVR Fuse bits and Lock bits are implemented as a type of memory.

@item
Example memory types are: @code{flash}, @code{eeprom}, @code{fuse},
@code{lfuse} (low fuse), @code{hfuse} (high fuse), @code{efuse}
(extended fuse), @code{signature}, @code{calibration}, @code{lock}.

@item
The memory type specified on the AVRDUDE command line must match one of
the memory types defined for the specified chip.

@item
The @code{pwroff_after_write} flag causes AVRDUDE to attempt to power
the device off and back on after an unsuccessful write to the affected
memory area if VCC programmer pins are defined.  If VCC pins are not
defined for the programmer, a message indicating that the device needs a
power-cycle is printed out.  This flag was added to work around a
problem with the at90s4433/2333's; see the at90s4433 errata at:

         @url{http://www.atmel.com/atmel/acrobat/doc1280.pdf}

@item
The boot loader from application note AVR109 (and thus also the AVR
Butterfly) does not support writing of fuse bits.  Writing lock bits
is supported, but is restricted to the boot lock bits (BLBxx).  These
are restrictions imposed by the underlying SPM instruction that is used
to program the device from inside the boot loader.  Note that programming
the boot lock bits can result in a ``shoot-into-your-foot'' scenario as
the only way to unprogram these bits is a chip erase, which will also
erase the boot loader code.

The boot loader implements the ``chip erase'' function by erasing the
flash pages of the application section.

Reading fuse and lock bits is fully supported.

Note that due to the unability to write the fuse bits, the safemode
functionality does not make sense for these boot loaders.

@end itemize


@c
@c Node
@c
@node Platform Dependent Information, Troubleshooting, Configuration File, Top
@appendix Platform Dependent Information

@menu
* Unix::
* Windows::
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Unix, Windows, Platform Dependent Information, Platform Dependent Information
@section Unix

@menu
* Unix Installation::           
* Unix Configuration Files::    
* Unix Port Names::             
* Unix Documentation::          
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Unix Installation, Unix Configuration Files, Unix, Unix
@subsection Unix Installation

@noindent
To build and install from the source tarball on Unix like systems:

@example
$ gunzip -c avrdude-@value{VERSION}.tar.gz | tar xf -
$ cd avrdude-@value{VERSION}
$ ./configure
$ make
$ su root -c 'make install'
@end example

The default location of the install is into @code{/usr/local} so you
will need to be sure that @code{/usr/local/bin} is in your @code{PATH}
environment variable.

If you do not have root access to your system, you can do the the
following instead:

@example
$ gunzip -c avrdude-@value{VERSION}.tar.gz | tar xf -
$ cd avrdude-@value{VERSION}
$ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/local
$ make
$ make install
@end example

@menu
* FreeBSD Installation::        
* Linux Installation::          
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node FreeBSD Installation, Linux Installation, Unix Installation, Unix Installation
@subsubsection FreeBSD Installation

@noindent
AVRDUDE is installed via the FreeBSD Ports Tree as follows:

@example
% su - root
# cd /usr/ports/devel/avrdude
# make install