avrdude.texi

这是一个非常有价值的参考代码

@itemx stk500v2
Atmel STK500, running a verrsion 2.x firmware

@end table



@item -C @var{config-file}
Use the specified config file for configuration data.  This file
contains all programmer and part definitions that AVRDUDE knows about.
If you have a programmer or part that AVRDUDE does not know about, you
can add it to the config file (be sure and submit a patch back to the
author so that it can be incorporated for the next version).  If not
specified, AVRDUDE reads the configuration file from
/usr/local/etc/avrdude.conf (FreeBSD and Linux). See Appendix A for
the method of searching for the configuration file for Windows.

@item -D
Disable auto erase for flash.  When the -U option with flash memory is 
specified, avrdude will perform a chip erase before starting any of the 
programming operations, since it generally is a mistake to program the flash
without performing an erase first.  This option disables that.  However, to 
remain backward compatible, the -i, and -m options automatically disable the 
auto erase feature.

@item -e
Causes a chip erase to be executed.  This will reset the contents of the
flash ROM and EEPROM to the value `0xff', and is basically a
prerequisite command before the flash ROM can be reprogrammed again.
The only exception would be if the new contents would exclusively cause
bits to be programmed from the value `1' to `0'.  Note that in order
to reprogram EERPOM cells, no explicit prior chip erase is required
since the MCU provides an auto-erase cycle in that case before
programming the cell.


@item -E @var{exitspec}[,@dots{}]
By default, AVRDUDE leaves the parallel port in the same state at exit
as it has been found at startup.  This option modifies the state of the
`/RESET' and `Vcc' lines the parallel port is left at, according to
the exitspec arguments provided, as follows:

@table @code
@itemx reset
The `/RESET' signal will be left activated at program exit, that is it
will be held low, in order to keep the MCU in reset state afterwards.
Note in particular that the programming algorithm for the AT90S1200
device mandates that the `/RESET' signal is active before powering up
the MCU, so in case an external power supply is used for this MCU type,
a previous invocation of AVRDUDE with this option specified is one of
the possible ways to guarantee this condition.

@itemx noreset
The `/RESET' line will be deactivated at program exit, thus allowing the
MCU target program to run while the programming hardware remains
connected.

@itemx vcc
This option will leave those parallel port pins active (i. e. high) that
can be used to supply `Vcc' power to the MCU.

@itemx novcc
This option will pull the `Vcc' pins of the parallel port down at
program exit.

@end table

Multiple @var{exitspec} arguments can be separated with commas.


@item -F
Normally, AVRDUDE tries to verify that the device signature read from
the part is reasonable before continuing.  Since it can happen from time
to time that a device has a broken (erased or overwritten) device
signature but is otherwise operating normally, this options is provided
to override the check.

@item -n
No-write - disables actually writing data to the MCU (useful for
debugging AVRDUDE).

@item -P @var{port}
Use port to identify the device to which the programmer is attached.
Normally, the default parallel port is used, but if the programmer type
normally connects to the serial port, the default serial port will be
used. See Appendix A, Platform Dependent Information, to find out the
default port names for your platform. If you need to use a different
parallel or serial port, use this option to specify the alternate port name.

For the JTAG ICE mkII, if AVRDUDE has been built with libusb support,
@var{port} may alternatively be specified as
@var{usb}[:@var{serialno}].  In that case, the JTAG ICE mkII will be
looked up on USB.  If @var{serialno} is also specified, it will be
matched against the serial number read from any JTAG ICE mkII found on
USB.  The match is done after stripping any existing colons from the
given serial number, and right-to-left, so only the least significant
bytes from the serial number need to be given.

@item -q
Disable (or quell) output of the progress bar while reading or writing
to the device.  Specify it a second time for even quieter operation.

@item -u
Disables the default behaviour of reading out the fuses three times before
programming, then verifying at the end of programming that the fuses have not
changed. If you want to change fuses you will need to specify this option,
as avrdude will see the fuses have changed (even though you wanted to) and
will change them back for your "saftey". This option was designed to
prevent cases of fuse bits magically changing (usually called @emph{safemode}).

@item -t
Tells AVRDUDE to enter the interactive ``terminal'' mode instead of up-
or downloading files.  See below for a detailed description of the
terminal mode.

@item -U @var{memtype}:@var{op}:@var{filename}[:@var{format}]
Perform a memory operation, equivalent to specifing the @option{-m},
@option{-i} or @option{-o}, and @option{-f} options, except that
multiple @option{-U} optins can be specified in order to operate on
mulitple memories on the same command-line invocation.  The
@var{memtype} field specifies the memory type to operate on. Use
the @option{-v} option on the command line or the @code{part} command from
terminal mode to display all the memory types supported by a particular
device.
Typically, a device's memory configuration at least contains
the memory types
@code{flash}
and
@code{eeprom}.
All memory types currently known are:
@table @code
@item calibration
One or more bytes of RC oscillator calibration data.
@item eeprom
The EEPROM of the device.
@item efuse
The extended fuse byte.
@item flash
The flash ROM of the device.
@item fuse
The fuse byte in devices that have only a single fuse byte.
@item hfuse
The high fuse byte.
@item lfuse
The low fuse byte.
@item lock
The lock byte.
@item signature
The three device signature bytes (device ID).
@end table

The @var{op} field specifies what operation to perform:

@table @code
@itemx r
read the specified device memory and write to the specified file

@itemx w
read the specified file and write it to the specified device memory

@itemx v
read the specified device memory and the specified file and perform a verify operation

@end table

The @var{filename} field indicates the name of the file to read or
write.  The @var{format} field is optional and contains the format of
the file to read or write.  Possible values are:

@table @code
@itemx i
Intel Hex

@itemx s
Motorola S-record

@itemx r
raw binary; little-endian byte order, in the case of the flash ROM data

@itemx m
immediate mode; actual byte values specified on the command line,
seperated by commas or spaces in place of the @var{filename} field of
the @option{-i}, @option{-o}, or @option{-U} options.  This is useful
for programming fuse bytes without having to create a single-byte file
or enter terminal mode.  If the number specified begins with @code{0x},
it is treated as a hex value.  If the number otherwise begins with a
leading zero (@code{0}) it is treated as octal.  Otherwise, the value is
treated as decimal.

@itemx a
auto detect; valid for input only, and only if the input is not provided
at stdin.

@end table

The default is to use auto detection for input files, and raw binary
format for output files.

Note that if @var{filename} contains a colon, the @var{format} field is
no longer optional since the filename part following the colon would
otherwise be misinterpreted as @var{format}.

@item -v
Enable verbose output.

@item -V
Disable automatic verify check when uploading data.

@item -y
Tells AVRDUDE to use the last four bytes of the connected parts' EEPROM
memory to track the number of times the device has been erased.  When
this option is used and the @option{-e} flag is specified to generate a
chip erase, the previous counter will be saved before the chip erase, it
is then incremented, and written back after the erase cycle completes.
Presumably, the device would only be erased just before being
programmed, and thus, this can be utilized to give an indication of how
many erase-rewrite cycles the part has undergone.  Since the FLASH
memory can only endure a finite number of erase-rewrite cycles, one can
use this option to track when a part is nearing the limit.  The typical
limit for Atmel AVR FLASH is 1000 cycles.  Of course, if the
application needs the last four bytes of EEPROM memory, this option
should not be used.

@item -Y @var{cycles}
Instructs AVRDUDE to initialize the erase-rewrite cycle counter residing
at the last four bytes of EEPROM memory to the specified value.  If the
application needs the last four bytes of EEPROM memory, this option
should not be used.

@end table

@page
@c
@c Node
@c
@node Example Command Line Invocations,  , Option Descriptions, Command Line Options
@section Example Command Line Invocations

@noindent
Download the file @code{diag.hex} to the ATmega128 chip using the
STK500 programmer connected to the default serial port:

@example
@cartouche
% avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -e -U flash:w:diag.hex 

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.03s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9702
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: done.
avrdude: performing op: 1, flash, 0, diag.hex
avrdude: reading input file "diag.hex"
avrdude: input file diag.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (19278 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 7.60s

avrdude: 19456 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against diag.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file diag.hex:
avrdude: input file diag.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file diag.hex contains 19278 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 6.83s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 19278 bytes of flash verified

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK

avrdude done.  Thank you.

%
@end cartouche
@end example

@page
@noindent
Upload the flash memory from the ATmega128 connected to the STK500
programmer and save it in raw binary format in the file named
@code{c:/diag flash.bin}:

@example
@cartouche
% avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -U flash:r:"c:/diag flash.bin":r 

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.03s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9702
avrdude: reading flash memory:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 46.10s

avrdude: writing output file "c:/diag flash.bin"

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK

avrdude done.  Thank you.

% 
@end cartouche
@end example

@page
@noindent
Using the default programmer, download the file @code{diag.hex} to
flash, @code{eeprom.hex} to EEPROM, and set the Extended, High, and Low
fuse bytes to 0xff, 0x89, and 0x2e respectively:

@example
@cartouche

% avrdude -p m128 -u -U flash:w:diag.hex \
>                 -U eeprom:w:eeprom.hex \
>                 -U efuse:w:0xff:m      \
>                 -U hfuse:w:0x89:m      \
>                 -U lfuse:w:0x2e:m

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.03s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9702
avrdude: NOTE: FLASH memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "diag.hex"
avrdude: input file diag.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (19278 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 7.60s

avrdude: 19456 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against diag.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file diag.hex:
avrdude: input file diag.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file diag.hex contains 19278 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 6.84s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 19278 bytes of flash verified

[ ... other memory status output skipped for brevity ... ]

avrdude done.  Thank you.

% 
@end cartouche
@end example

@page
@noindent
Connect to the JTAG ICE mkII which serial number ends up in 1C37 via
USB, and enter terminal mode:

@example
@cartouche

% avrdude -c jtag2 -p m649 -P usb:1c:37 -t

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.03s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9603

[ ... terminal mode output skipped for brevity ... ]

avrdude done.  Thank you.

@end cartouche
@end example



@c
@c Node
@c
@node Terminal Mode Operation, Configuration File, Command Line Options, Top
@chapter Terminal Mode Operation

AVRDUDE has an interactive mode called @var{terminal mode} that is
enabled by the @option{-t} option.  This mode allows one to enter
interactive commands to display and modify the various device memories,
perform a chip erase, display the device signature bytes and part
parameters, and to send raw programming commands.  Commands and
parameters may be abbreviated to their shortest unambiguous form.
Terminal mode also supports a command history so that previously entered
commands can be recalled and edited.

@menu
* Terminal Mode Commands::      
* Terminal Mode Examples::      
@end menu

@node Terminal Mode Commands, Terminal Mode Examples, Terminal Mode Operation, Terminal Mode Operation
@section Terminal Mode Commands

@noindent
The following commands are implemented:

@table @code

@item dump @var{memtype} @var{addr} @var{nbytes}
Read @var{nbytes} from the specified memory area, and display them in
the usual hexadecimal and ASCII form.

@item dump
Continue dumping the memory contents for another @var{nbytes} where the
previous dump command left off.

@item write @var{memtype} @var{addr} @var{byte1} @dots{} @var{byteN}
Manually program the respective memory cells, starting at address addr,
using the values @var{byte1} through @var{byteN}.  This feature is not
implemented for bank-addressed memories such as the flash memory of
ATMega devices.

@item erase
Perform a chip erase.

@item send @var{b1} @var{b2} @var{b3} @var{b4}
Send raw instruction codes to the AVR device.  If you need access to a
feature of an AVR part that is not directly supported by AVRDUDE, this
command allows you to use it, even though AVRDUDE does not implement the
command.

@item sig
Display the device signature bytes.

@item part
Display the current part settings and parameters.  Includes chip
specific information including all memory types supported by the
device, read/write timing, etc.

@item ?
@itemx help
Give a short on-line summary of the available commands.

@item quit
Leave terminal mode and thus AVRDUDE.

@end table

@noindent
In addition, the following commands are supported on the STK500
programmer:

@table @code