avrdude.texi

这是一个非常有价值的参考代码

%% -*-texinfo-*-
\input texinfo

@c $Id: avrdude.texi,v 1.37 2005/09/18 20:12:23 joerg_wunsch Exp $

@setfilename avrdude.info
@settitle AVRDUDE
@finalout

@include version.texi

@c
@c These are set in version.texi which is automatically generated by automake.
@c
@c @set UPDATED 26 Febuary 2003
@c @set EDITION 3.2.0
@c @set VERSION 3.2.0

@c This is a dir.info fragment to support semi-automated addition of
@c manuals to an info tree.
@dircategory AVR Programming & development tools.
@direntry
* AvrDude: (avrdude).            AVR program downloader/uploader.
@end direntry

@ifinfo
This file documents the avrdude program.

For avrdude version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}.

Copyright @copyright{} 2003,2005 Brian Dean

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).

@end ignore
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
by the Free Software Foundation.
@end ifinfo

@titlepage
@title AVRDUDE
@subtitle A program for download/uploading AVR microcontroller flash and eeprom.
@subtitle For AVRDUDE, Version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}.
@author by Brian S. Dean

@page
@hfill (Send bugs and comments on AVRDUDE to @w{@email{avrdude-dev@@nongnu.org}}.)

@vfill

Copyright @copyright{} 2003,2005 Brian S. Dean
@sp 2

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
by the Free Software Foundation.
@end titlepage

@contents

@c
@c Top Node
@c
@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up

@ifinfo
This file documents the avrdude program for downloading/uploading
programs to Atmel AVR microcontrollers.

For avrdude version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}.
@end ifinfo

@menu
* Introduction::                
* Command Line Options::
* Terminal Mode Operation::
* Configuration File::          
* Platform Dependent Information::
* Troubleshooting::
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Introduction, Command Line Options, Top, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@chapter Introduction
@cindex introduction

AVRDUDE - AVR Downloader Uploader - is a program for downloading and
uploading the on-chip memories of Atmel's AVR microcontrollers. It can
program the Flash and EEPROM, and where supported by the serial
programming protocol, it can program fuse and lock bits. AVRDUDE also
supplies a direct instruction mode allowing one to issue any programming
instruction to the AVR chip regardless of whether AVRDUDE implements
that specific feature of a particular chip.

AVRDUDE can be used effectively via the command line to read or write
all chip memory types (eeprom, flash, fuse bits, lock bits, signature
bytes) or via an interactive (terminal) mode. Using AVRDUDE from the
command line works well for programming the entire memory of the chip
from the contents of a file, while interactive mode is useful for
exploring memory contents, modifing individual bytes of eeprom,
programming fuse/lock bits, etc.

AVRDUDE supports six basic programmer types: Atmel's STK500,
Atmel's JTAG ICE mkII, appnote
avr910, appnote avr109 (including the AVR Butterfly),
serial bit-bang adapters,
and the PPI (parallel port interface). PPI represents a class
of simple programmers where the programming lines are directly
connected to the PC parallel port. Several pin configurations exist
for several variations of the PPI programmers, and AVRDUDE can be be
configured to work with them by either specifying the appropriate
programmer on the command line or by creating a new entry in its
configuration file. All that's usually required for a new entry is to
tell AVRDUDE which pins to use for each programming function.

A number of equally simple bit-bang programming adapters that connect
to a serial port are supported as well, among them the popular
Ponyprog serial adapter, and the DASA and DASA3 adapters that used to
be supported by uisp(1).  Note that these adapters are meant to be
attached to a physical serial port.  Connecting to a serial port
emulated on top of USB is likely to not work at all, or to work
abysmally slow.

The STK500, JTAG ICE, avr910, and avr109/butterfly use the serial port to communicate with the PC.
The STK500, JTAG ICE, and avr910 contain on-board logic to control the programming of the target
device.
The avr109 bootloader implements a protocol similar to avr910, but is
actually implemented in the boot area of the target's flash ROM, as
opposed to being an external device.
The fundamental difference between the two types lies in the
protocol used to control the programmer. The avr910 protocol is very
simplistic and can easily be used as the basis for a simple, home made
programer since the firmware is available online. On the other hand,
the STK500 protocol is more robust and complicated and the firmware is
not openly available.
The JTAG ICE also uses a serial communication protocol which is similar
to the STK500 firmware version 2 one.  However, as the JTAG ICE is
intented to allow on-chip debugging as well as memory programming, the
protocol is more sophisticated.
(This protocol can also be run on top of USB.)
Only the memory programming functionality of the JTAG ICE is supported
by AVRDUDE.

@menu
* History::                     
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node History,  , Introduction, Introduction
@section History and Credits

AVRDUDE was written by Brian S. Dean under the name of AVRPROG to run on
the FreeBSD Operating System.  Brian renamed the software to be called
AVRDUDE when interest grew in a Windows port of the software so that the
name did not conflict with AVRPROG.EXE which is the name of Atmel's
Windows programming software.

The AVRDUDE source now resides in the public CVS repository on
savannah.gnu.org (@url{http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/avrdude/}),
where it continues to be enhanced and ported to other systems.  In
addition to FreeBSD, AVRDUDE now runs on Linux and Windows.  The
developers behind the porting effort primarily were Ted Roth, Eric
Weddington, and Joerg Wunsch.

And in the spirit of many open source projects, this manual also draws
on the work of others.  The initial revision was composed of parts of
the original Unix manual page written by Joerg Wunsch, the original web
site documentation by Brian Dean, and from the comments describing the
fields in the AVRDUDE configuration file by Brian Dean.  The texi
formatting was modeled after that of the Simulavr documentation by Ted
Roth.


@c
@c Node
@c
@node Command Line Options, Terminal Mode Operation, Introduction, Top
@chapter Command Line Options
@cindex options

@menu
* Option Descriptions::
* Example Command Line Invocations::
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Option Descriptions, Example Command Line Invocations, Command Line Options, Command Line Options
@section Option Descriptions

@noindent
AVRDUDE is a command line tool, used as follows:

@example
avrdude -p partno @var{options} @dots{}
@end example

@noindent
Command line options are used to control AVRDUDE's behaviour.  The
following options are recognized:

@table @code
@item -p @var{partno}
This is the only mandatory option and it tells AVRDUDE what type of part
(MCU) that is connected to the programmer.  The @var{partno} parameter
is the part's id listed in the configuration file.  Specify -p ? to list
all parts in the configuration file.  If a part is unknown
to AVRDUDE, it means that there is no config file entry for that part,
but it can be added to the configuration file if you have the Atmel
datasheet so that you can enter the programming specifications.
Currently, the following MCU types are understood:

@table @code
@itemx c128
AT90CAN128

@itemx pwm2
AT90PWM2

@itemx pwm3
AT90PWM3

@itemx 1200
AT90S1200

@itemx 2313
AT90S2313

@itemx 2333
AT90S2333

@itemx 2343
AT90S2343 (*)

@itemx 4414
AT90S4414

@itemx 4433
AT90S4433

@itemx 4434
AT90S4434

@itemx 8515
AT90S8515

@itemx 8535
AT90S8535

@itemx m103
ATmega103

@itemx m128
ATmega128

@itemx m16
ATmega16

@itemx m161
ATmega161

@itemx m162
ATmega162

@itemx m163
ATmega163

@itemx m164
ATmega164

@itemx m169
ATmega169

@itemx m32
ATmega32

@itemx m324
ATmega324

@itemx m329
ATmega329

@itemx m3290
ATmega3290

@itemx m48
ATmega48

@itemx m64
ATmega64

@itemx m644
ATmega644

@itemx m649
ATmega649

@itemx m6490
ATmega6490

@itemx m8
ATmega8

@itemx m8515
ATmega8515

@itemx m8535
ATmega8535

@itemx m88
ATmega88

@itemx t12
ATtiny12

@itemx t13
ATtiny13

@itemx t15
ATtiny15

@itemx t2313
ATtiny2313

@itemx t25
ATtiny25

@itemx t26
ATtiny26

@itemx t45
ATtiny45

@itemx t85
ATtiny85

@end table

(*)   The AT90S2323 and ATtiny22 use the same algorithm.

@item -b @var{baudrate}
Override the RS-232 connection baud rate specified in the respective
programmer's entry of the configuration file.

@item -B @var{bitclock}
Specify the bit clock period for the JTAG interface (JTAG ICE only).
The value is a floating-point number in microseconds.
The default value of the JTAG ICE results in about 1 microsecond bit
clock period, suitable for target MCUs running at 4 MHz clock and
above.
Unlike certain parameters in the STK500, the JTAG ICE resets all its
parameters to default values when the programming software signs
off from the ICE, so for MCUs running at lower clock speeds, this
parameter must be specified on the command-line.

@item -c @var{programmer-id}
Specify the programmer to be used.  AVRDUDE knows about several common
programmers.  Use this option to specify which one to use.  The
@var{programmer-id} parameter is the programmer's id listed in the
configuration file.  Specify -c ? to list all programmers in the
configuration file.  If you have a programmer that is unknown to
AVRDUDE, and the programmer is controlled via the PC parallel port,
there's a good chance that it can be easily added to the configuration
file without any code changes to AVRDUDE.  Simply copy an existing entry
and change the pin definitions to match that of the unknown programmer.
Currently, the following programmer ids are understood and supported:

@table @code

@itemx abcmini
ABCmini Board, aka Dick Smith HOTCHIP

@itemx alf
Nightshade ALF-PgmAVR, http://nightshade.homeip.net/

@itemx avr109
Atmel AppNote AVR109 Boot Loader

@itemx avr910
Atmel Low Cost Serial Programmer

@itemx avr911
Atmel AppNote AVR911 AVROSP (an alias for avr109)

@itemx avrisp
Atmel AVR ISP

@itemx bascom
Bascom SAMPLE programming cable

@itemx bsd
Brian Dean's Programmer, http://www.bsdhome.com/avrdude/

@itemx butterfly
Atmel Butterfly Development Board

@itemx dt006
Dontronics DT006

@item jtagmkII
@itemx jtag2slow
Atmel JTAG ICE mkII (default speed 19200 Bd)

@itemx jtag2fast
Atmel JTAG ICE mkII, running at 115200 Bd

@itemx jtag2
Same as before.

@itemx pavr
Jason Kyle's pAVR Serial Programmer

@itemx picoweb
Picoweb Programming Cable, http://www.picoweb.net/

@itemx pony-stk200
Pony Prog STK200

@itemx sp12
Steve Bolt's Programmer

@itemx stk200
STK200

@itemx stk500
Atmel STK500