avrdude.1

这是一个非常有价值的参考代码

default the
.Pa /dev/ppi0
port is used, but if the programmer type normally connects to the
serial port, the
.Pa /dev/cuaa0
port is the default.  If you need to use a different parallel or
serial port, use this option to specify the alternate port name.
.Pp
For the JTAG ICE mkII, if
.Nm
has been configured with libusb support,
.Ar port
can alternatively be specified as
.Ar usb Ns Op \&: Ns Ar serialno .
This will cause
.Nm
to search a JTAG ICE mkII on USB.
If
.Ar serialno
is also specified, it will be matched against the serial number read
from any JTAG ICE mkII found on USB.
The match is done after stripping any existing colons from the given
serial number, and right-to-left, so only the least significant bytes
from the serial number need to be given.
.It Fl q
Disable (or quell) output of the progress bar while reading or writing
to the device.  Specify it a second time for even quieter operation.
.It Fl s
Disable safemode prompting.  When safemode discovers that one or more
fuse bits have unintentionally changed, it will prompt for
confirmation regarding whether or not it should attempt to recover the
fuse bit(s).  Specifying this flag disables the prompt and assumes
that the fuse bit(s) should be recovered without asking for
confirmation first.
.It Fl t
Tells
.Nm
to enter the interactive ``terminal'' mode instead of up- or downloading
files.  See below for a detailed description of the terminal mode.
.It Fl u
Disable the safemode fuse bit checks.  Safemode is enabled by default
and is intended to prevent unintentional fuse bit changes.  When
enabled, safemode will issue a warning if the any fuse bits are found
to be different at program exit than they were when
.Nm
was invoked.  Safemode won't alter fuse bits itself, but rather will
prompt for instructions, unless the terminal is non-interactive, in
which case safemode is disabled.  See the
.Fl s
option to disable safemode prompting.
.It Xo Fl U Ar memtype Ns
.Ar \&: Ns Ar op Ns
.Ar \&: Ns Ar filename Ns
.Op \&: Ns Ar format
.Xc
Perform a memory operation as indicated.  The
.Ar memtype
field specifies the memory type to operate on.
The available memory types are device-dependant, the actual
configuration can be viewed with the
.Cm part
command in terminal mode.
Typically, a device's memory configuration at least contains
the memory types
.Ar flash
and
.Ar eeprom .
All memory types currently known are:
.Bl -tag -width "calibration" -compact
.It calibration
One or more bytes of RC oscillator calibration data.
.It eeprom
The EEPROM of the device.
.It efuse
The extended fuse byte.
.It flash
The flash ROM of the device.
.It fuse
The fuse byte in devices that have only a single fuse byte.
.It hfuse
The high fuse byte.
.It lfuse
The low fuse byte.
.It lock
The lock byte.
.It signature
The three device signature bytes (device ID).
.El
.Pp
The
.Ar op
field specifies what operation to perform:
.Bl -tag -width noreset
.It Ar r
read device memory and write to the specified file
.It Ar w
read data from the specified file and write to the device memory
.It Ar v
read data from both the device and the specified file and perform a verify
.El
.Pp
The
.Ar filename
field indicates the name of the file to read or write.
The
.Ar format
field is optional and contains the format of the file to read or
write.
.Ar Format
can be one of:
.Bl -tag -width sss
.It Ar i
Intel Hex
.It Ar s
Motorola S-record
.It Ar r
raw binary; little-endian byte order, in the case of the flash ROM data
.It Ar m
immediate; actual byte values specified on the command line, seperated
by commas or spaces.  This is good for programming fuse bytes without
having to create a single-byte file or enter terminal mode.
.It Ar a
auto detect; valid for input only, and only if the input is not
provided at
.Em stdin .
.El
.Pp
The default is to use auto detection for input files, and raw binary
format for output files.
Note that if
.Ar filename
contains a colon, the
.Ar format
field is no longer optional since the filename part following the colon
would otherwise be misinterpreted as
.Ar format .
.It Fl v
Enable verbose output.
.It Fl V
Disable automatic verify check when uploading data.
.It Fl y
Tells
.Nm
to use the last four bytes of the connected parts' EEPROM memory to
track the number of times the device has been erased.  When this
option is used and the
.Fl e
flag is specified to generate a chip erase, the previous counter will
be saved before the chip erase, it is then incremented, and written
back after the erase cycle completes.  Presumably, the device would
only be erased just before being programmed, and thus, this can be
utilized to give an indication of how many erase-rewrite cycles the
part has undergone.  Since the FLASH memory can only endure a finite
number of erase-rewrite cycles, one can use this option to track when
a part is nearing the limit.  The typical limit for Atmel AVR FLASH is
1000 cycles.  Of course, if the application needs the last four bytes
of EEPROM memory, this option should not be used.
.It Fl Y Ar cycles
Instructs
.Nm
to initialize the erase-rewrite cycle counter residing at the last four
bytes of EEPROM memory to the specified value.  If the application
needs the last four bytes of EEPROM memory, this option should not be
used.
.El
.Ss Terminal mode
In this mode,
.Nm
only initializes communication with the MCU, and then awaits user
commands on standard input.  Commands and parameters may be
abbreviated to the shortest unambiguous form.  Terminal mode provides
a command history using
.Xr readline 3 ,
so previously entered command lines can be recalled and edited.  The
following commands are currently implemented:
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width indent
.It Ar dump memtype addr nbytes
Read
.Ar nbytes
bytes from the specified memory area, and display them in the usual
hexadecimal and ASCII form.
.It Ar dump
Continue dumping the memory contents for another
.Ar nbytes
where the previous
.Ar dump
command left off.
.It Ar write memtype addr byte1 ... byteN
Manually program the respective memory cells, starting at address
.Ar addr ,
using the values
.Ar byte1
through
.Ar byteN .
This feature is not implemented for bank-addressed memories such as
the flash memory of ATMega devices.
.It Ar erase
Perform a chip erase.
.It Ar send b1 b2 b3 b4
Send raw instruction codes to the AVR device.  If you need access to a
feature of an AVR part that is not directly supported by
.Nm ,
this command allows you to use it, even though
.Nm
does not implement the command.
.It Ar sig
Display the device signature bytes.
.It Ar part
Display the current part settings and parameters.  Includes chip
specific information including all memory types supported by the
device, read/write timing, etc.
.It Ar vtarg voltage
Set the target's supply voltage to
.Ar voltage
Volts.
.Em Only supported on the STK500 programmer.
.It Ar varef voltage
Set the adjustable voltage source to
.Ar voltage
Volts.
This voltage is normally used to drive the target's
.Em Aref
input on the STK500.
.Em Only supported on the STK500 programmer.
.It Ar fosc freq Ns Op M Ns \&| Ns k
Set the master oscillator to
.Ar freq
Hz.
An optional trailing letter
.Ar \&M
multiplies by 1E6, a trailing letter
.Ar \&k
by 1E3.
.Em Only supported on the STK500 programmer.
.It Ar fosc off
Turn the master oscillator off.
.Em Only supported on the STK500 programmer.
.It Ar sck period
.Em STK500 programmer only:
Set the SCK clock period to
.Ar period
microseconds.
.Pp
.Em JTAG ICE only:
Set the JTAG ICE bit clock period to
.Ar period
microseconds.
Note that unlike STK500 settings, this setting will be reverted to
its default value (approximately 1 microsecond) when the programming
software signs off from the JTAG ICE.
.It Ar parms
.Em STK500 programmer only:
Display the current voltage and master oscillator parameters.
.Pp
.Em JTAG ICE only:
Display the current target supply voltage and JTAG bit clock rate/period.
.It Ar \&?
.It Ar help
Give a short on-line summary of the available commands.
.It Ar quit
Leave terminal mode and thus
.Nm avrdude .
.El
.Ss Default Parallel port pin connections
(these can be changed, see the
.Fl c
option)
.TS
ll.
\fBPin number\fP	\fBFunction\fP
2-5	Vcc (optional power supply to MCU)
7	/RESET (to MCU)
8	SCK (to MCU)
9	MOSI (to MCU)
10	MISO (from MCU)
18-25	GND
.TE
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width /dev/ppi0XXX
.It Pa /dev/ppi0
default device to be used for communication with the programming
hardware
.It Pa ${PREFIX}/etc/avrdude.conf
programmer and parts configuration file
.It Pa ${HOME}/.avrduderc
programmer and parts configuration file (per-user overrides)
.It Pa ~/.inputrc
Initialization file for the
.Xr readline 3
library
.It Pa ${PREFIX}/share/doc/avrdude/avrdude.pdf
Schematic of programming hardware
.El
.\" .Sh EXAMPLES
.\" .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr avr-objcopy 1 ,
.Xr ppi 4 ,
.Xr readline 3
.Pp
The AVR microcontroller product description can be found at
.Pp
.Dl "http://www.atmel.com/products/AVR/"
.\" .Sh HISTORY
.Sh AUTHORS
.Nm Avrdude
was written by Brian S. Dean <[e-mail]>.
.Pp
This man page by
.ie t J\(:org Wunsch.
.el Joerg Wunsch.
.Sh BUGS
Please report bugs via
.Dl "http://savannah.nongnu.org/bugs/?group=avrdude" .
.Pp
The JTAGICE mkII programmer currently cannot write to the flash ROM
one byte at a time.
For that reason, updating the flash ROM from terminal mode does not
work.
.Pp
The device IDs used by AVR910 and AVR109 do not match, so the
avr109 (aka. butterfly) programmer might report
.Dl "selected device is not supported by programmer" .
Use the -F option to force
.Nm
to contiue anway.