asg06.htm

apache技术手册

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%p

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AM/PM designation associated with a 12-hour clock

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%S

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second as a decimal number (00&#150;61)

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%w

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weekday as a decimal number (0&#150;6), where Sunday is 0

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%x

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date using the date representation for the locale

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%X

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time using the time representation for the locale

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%y

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year without century (00&#150;99)

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%Y

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year with century (for example, 1990)

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%Z

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time zone name or abbreviation, or no characters if no time zone is determinable.</FONT>

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>echo</B></FONT></CENTER></H5>

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<P>The echo command prints any of the include environment variables. If the specified variable doesn't have a value, it prints as (none). Printing of dates is subject to the currently configuration of timefmt. Valid options include the following:

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var=&quot;<I>variable&quot;</I>

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<I>variable</I> is the name of the variable to print.</FONT>

</TABLE><P><A NAME="I2"></A><A NAME="I3"></A><A NAME="I4"></A>Beginning with Apache 1.1, the SSIs and CGIs you call from your SSI also have access to the CGI environment variables. For a complete listing, refer to <A HREF="asg05.htm" tppabs="http://docs.rinet.ru:8080/Apachu/asg05.htm">Chapter 5</A>, &quot;CGI (Common Gateway Interface) Programming.&quot;

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<P>Beginning with Apache 1.2, Apache adopted the use of the XSSI module as their standard SSI processor. XSSI is discussed in detail in a section of this chapter entitled, &quot;eXtended Server Side Includes (XSSI).&quot;

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>exec</B></FONT></CENTER></H5>

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<P>The exec command executes the specified shell command or CGI program. This option can be disabled by the IncludesNOEXEC option. The valid options are

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cgi=&quot;<I>path&quot;</I>

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<I>path</I> specifies the program to be run. If <I>path</I> is not an absolute path (one that begins with a /), then <I>path</I> is taken to be relative to the current document.

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The directory containing the program must be a CGI directory approved by either a ScriptAlias or by setting the ExecCGI option in the global access configuration file or on a per-directory access file.

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The program's environment include the PATH_INFO and QUERY_STRING variables set to the values sent in the original request. The include variables are available to the script in addition to the standard CGI environment.

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Programs that return a Location: header have their output translated into an HTML anchor.

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Use of the include virtual element is preferred to exec cgi.

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cmd=&quot;<I>string&quot;</I>

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The server will execute <I>string</I> using /bin/sh. The environment includes the include variables and, beginning with Apache 1.1, the complete set of CGI environment variables.</FONT>

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>fsize</B></FONT></CENTER></H5>

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<P>This command inserts the size of the specified file, subject to the sizefmt format specification. The options to this command are

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file<I>=&quot;path&quot;</I>

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The value is a path relative to the directory containing the current document being parsed.

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virtual=&quot;<I>path&quot;</I>

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If <I>path</I> is not an absolute path (one that begins with a (/), <I>path</I> is taken to be relative to the current document.</FONT>

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>flastmod</B></FONT></CENTER></H5>

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<P>This command inserts the last modification date of the specified file, subject to the timefmt format specification. The options for this command are

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file<I>=&quot;path&quot;</I>

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The value is a path relative to the directory containing the current document being parsed.

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virtual=&quot;<I>path&quot;</I>

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If <I>path</I> is not an absolute path (one that begins with a (/), it is taken to be relative to the current document.</FONT>

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>include</B></FONT></CENTER></H5>

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<P>This command inserts another document into the parsed file. Included files are subject to any access-control settings governing their access, including any restrictions to CGI program execution. If there is a permissions restriction, the file or program output won't be included.

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<P>An option specifies the document's location; an inclusion is done for each option given to the include command. Valid options are as follows:

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file=&quot;<I>filename</I>&quot;

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<I>filename</I> is a filename relative to the directory containing the current document being parsed. It cannot contain ../, nor can it be an absolute path. The virtual option should always be used in preference to this one.

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virtual=&quot;<I>urlpath</I>&quot;

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<I>urlpath</I> is a path relative to the current document being parsed. The URL cannot contain a scheme or hostname, only a path and an optional query string. If <I>urlpath</I> is not an absolute path (one that begins with a /), <I>path</I> is taken to be relative to the current document.

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A URL is constructed from the option, and the output the server would return if the URL were accessed by the client is included in the parsed output; included files can be nested.</FONT>

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Include Variables</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>These variables are provided for includes and to any program invoked by the document:

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DATE_GMT

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The current date in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

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DATE_LOCAL

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The current date in the local time zone.

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DOCUMENT_NAME

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The filename of the document requested by the user. DOCUMENT_NAME does not include any path information.

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DOCUMENT_URI<B> </B>

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The path of the document requested by the user.

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LAST_MODIFIED 

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The document's last modification date.</FONT>

</TABLE><P><B>[ic:Apache 1.1]</B>In Apache 1.1, you can access the CGI environment variables (for a complete list, refer to Chapter 5) in addition to the include variables. The standard CGI 1.1 specification defines the several variables. Some are filled for all requests (SERVER_SOFTWARE, SERVER_NAME, and GATEWAY_INTERFACE). Others are request specific and may not be defined. A third category is added by the client program. These variables start with HTTP.

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<P>With this information you can create some pretty useful SPML pages that start to act more like a CGI program than a SPML. Two omissions from the Apache SSI module are conditional execution and user-defined variables. Howard Fear has developed a full replacement for the Apache SSI module, adding this missing functionality. This module is called XSSI. It is available from the CD-ROM included with this book, and is part of the standard Apache distribution for 1.2, which at the time this book was written, is yet unavailable.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>SSI Example</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>Here's an example, shown in Listing 6.1 and then in Figure 6.1, that puts it all together. You may want to implement something like this on your own site. The page returned is generated at random, based on a small database of quotes (in my programs the database is referred to as quotes.conf). Each entry in the database is a single line of text. Each record in the quote database is separated by a newline.

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<FONT COLOR="#000080"><B>Listing 6.1. </B><B>quote.shtml</B><B>.</B></FONT>

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<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">&lt;HTML&gt;

&lt;HEAD&gt;

&lt;TITLE&gt; Random Quote &lt;/TITLE&gt;

&lt;/HEAD&gt;

&lt;BODY&gt;

&lt;P ALIGN=CENTER&gt;

&lt;FONT SIZE=7&gt;&lt;EM&gt;Random Quote&lt;/EM&gt;&lt;/FONT&gt;

&lt;/P&gt;

&lt;HR&gt;

&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&gt;

&lt;FONT SIZE=5&gt;&lt;EM&gt;

&lt;!--#exec cmd=&quot;cgi/quoteoftheday.cgi&quot;--&gt;

&lt;/EM&gt;

&lt;/FONT&gt;

&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;

&lt;HR&gt;

&lt;!--#exec cmd=&quot;cgi/envvar.cgi&quot;--&gt;

&lt;P&gt;

&lt;!--#config timefmt=&quot;%A, %B %d %Y&quot;--&gt;

&lt;!--#echo var=&quot;DATE_LOCAL&quot;--&gt;

&lt;/BODY&gt;

&lt;/HTML&gt;</FONT></PRE>

<P><B> <A HREF="javascript:if(confirm('http://docs.rinet.ru:8080/Apachu/06asg01.gif  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it was redirected to an invalid location.  You should report this problem to the site\'s webmaster.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://docs.rinet.ru:8080/Apachu/06asg01.gif'" tppabs="http://docs.rinet.ru:8080/Apachu/06asg01.gif">Figure 6.1. Quote of the day.</A></B>

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<P>The quoteoftheday.cgi program returns a random line from the quote database (see Listing 6.2). The quote database is just a simple text file with one quote per line. The CGI returns one line, which the server inserts into the HTML stream returned to the client.

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<FONT COLOR="#000080"><B>Listing 6.2. </B><B>quoteoftheday.cgi</B><B>.</B></FONT>

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<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">#!/usr/local/bin/perl -w

#

# quote.cgi - prints a quote at random

# $conf_file: the absolute path to your configuration file

# $ad_tag: the string outputted to the web page SSI location

# Call this script from a server-parsed html document (.shtml for example) and make

# sure that server-side includes are enabled.