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<H2>Apache Server Survival Guide asg06.htm</H2>
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<P>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E60" >SPML Commands</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E70E7" >config</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E70E8" >echo</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E70E9" >exec</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E70E10" >fsize</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E70E11" >flastmod</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E70E12" >include</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E61" >Include Variables</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E62" >SSI Example</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E49" >Extended Server Side Includes (XSSI)</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E63" >Variables</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E64" >Output Commands</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E65" >Flow Control</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E50" >Summary</A></UL></UL></UL>
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<A NAME="E66E6"></A>
<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>6</B></FONT></CENTER></H1>
<BR>
<A NAME="E67E9"></A>
<H2 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Server Side Includes</B><B> (SSI)</B></FONT></CENTER></H2>
<BR>
<P>Server Side Includes (SSI), also known as Server Parsed HTML (SPML), provides a convenient way of performing server-side processing on an HTML file before it is sent to the client. SSI provides a set of dynamic features, such as including the current time or the last modification date of the HTML file without developing a CGI program to that performs this function. SSI can be considered as a server side scripting language.
<BR>
<P>Server parsed HTML documents are parsed and processed by the server before they are sent to the client. Only documents with a MIME type of text/x-server-parsed-html or text/x-server-parsed-html3 are parsed and processed. The resulting HTML is given a MIME type of text/html and is returned to the client.
<BR>
<P>You can include information such as the current time, execute a program and include its output, or include a document just by adding some simple SPML commands to your HTML page. When the HTML page is properly identified to the server as containing SPML tokens, the server parses the file and sends the result to the client requesting it.
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
<BR>
<NOTE><B>Enabling Apache to Run Server Side Includes</B></NOTE>
<BR>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BR>
<NOTE>By default, SSIs are not enabled on a standard Apache configuration. Before you can incorporate SSI commands into your HTML documents, you will have to add a few directives to your configuration files.
<BR>The first step is to uncomment (remove the # character at the beginning of a line) the two lines in your srm.conf file that enable the following directives:
<BR>AddType text/html .shtml
<BR>AddHandler server-parsed .shtml
<BR>If these directives are missing, simply add them to the configuration file. The AddType directive maps the extension .shtml to the MIME type text/html. The AddHandler directive maps the .shtml extension to a <I>handler</I>. Handlers allow the server to perform some action based on a file type. They <I>handle</I> the processing of the file before it is returned to the client. The server-parsed handler referenced in the AddHandler directive is predefined in the base Apache distribution.
<BR>The AddType and AddHandler directives enable the server to recognize and process files that contain SPML tokens. However, that alone is not enough to enable their use in Apache. Because SSI can execute programs and include other documents in your filesystem, processing of the SPML tokens is not allowed by default. To enable the processing of SPML commands, you’ll need to override the default set of options. The Options directive allows you to control which features are available in which server directory. This allows you to provide different security settings to different areas of your server document tree. If the server attempts to execute an SSI document in a directory that doesn’t enable this functionality, the request fails.
<BR>By default the htdocs document tree only allows Indexes and FollowSymLinks, which enable the server to generate automatic directory listings and to follow symbolic links, respectively. Apache provides two different options that enable SSI execution:
<BR>Includes
<BR>IncludesNOEXEC
<BR>Includes activates all commands available to server side includes. IncludesNOEXEC is a more restrictive option; it disables the exec and include commands. As their names suggest, the exec command executes programs and the include command inserts other documents into the requested HTML file.
<BR>Because of the obvious security implications associated with executing programs and including other documents, you should not enable SSI execution system wide, unless you are able to control what those SSI do.
<BR>The Options directive can be found inside a <Directory> section inside the global access configuration file, access.conf or in a per-directory access control file (.htaccess) files. For more information, see <A HREF="asg09.htm" tppabs="http://docs.rinet.ru:8080/Apachu/asg09.htm">Chapter 9</A>, "Apache Server Core Directives," which explains in great detail the <Directory> and Options directives.</NOTE>
<BR>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>An SPML document is parsed as an HTML document, with SPML commands embedded as Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) comments. The commands follow this syntax:
<BR>
<BR>
<PRE>
<FONT COLOR="#000080"><!--#<I>command</I> <I>option</I>=<I>value</I> <I>option</I>=<I>value</I> ...--></FONT></PRE>
<P>Each command has a different set of options that you can specify. Usually options have a value portion (a parameter). Currently the available commands include facilities to do the following:
<BR>
<UL>
<LI>Execute programs
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>Obtain file size and modification information
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>Include text from other documents or from a program
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>Configure the format used to display results from the various commands
<BR>
<BR>
</UL>
<BR>
<A NAME="E69E60"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>SPML Commands</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>The available SPML commands are
<BR>
<UL>
<LI>config
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>echo
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>exec
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>cmd
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>fsize
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>flastmod
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>include
<BR>
<BR>
</UL>
<BR>
<A NAME="E70E7"></A>
<H5 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>config</B></FONT></CENTER></H5>
<BR>
<P>The config command controls various aspects of the parsing and establishes various formatting options for displaying errors, date-time strings, and file sizes. The valid options you can use are (note that quotes surround values):
<BR>
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errmsg="<I>message"</I>
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<I>message</I> is the message returned to the client if an error occurs during the parsing of the document.
</FONT>
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<TR>
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sizefmt=["bytes"] | ["abbrev"]
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<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
These options set the format used to display a file size. Valid values are
</FONT>
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bytes for a size returned in bytes.
</FONT>
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abbrev for a size returned in KB or MB as appropriate.
</FONT>
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timefmt="<I>format</I>"
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<I>format</I> is a format string that specifies the format used to print the date. It is compatible with the strftime library available under most UNIX environments. The various strftime format options are
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%%
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
identical to %; use it if you need a percent sign in the output.
</FONT>
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<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
%a
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
abbreviated weekday name
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
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%A
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
full weekday name
</FONT>
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<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
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%b
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
abbreviated month name
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
%B
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
full month name
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
%c
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
time and date using the time and date representation for the locale (the same as using the %X %x options together).
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
%d
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
day of the month as a decimal number (01–31)
</FONT>
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<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
%H
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
hour based on a 24-hour clock as a decimal number (00–23)
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
%I
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
hour based on a 12-hour clock as a decimal number (01–12)
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
%j
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
day of the year as a decimal number (001–366)
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
%m
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
month as a decimal number (01–12)
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
%M
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
minute as a decimal number (00–59)
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