asg09.htm

apache技术手册

server configuration

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Status:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

core</FONT>

</TABLE><P>The MinSpareServers directive controls the minimum number of idle child server processes that are available at any one time. Idle processes are server processes not currently handling HTTP requests. If the idle-process count should decrease below the amount designated by MinSpareServers, the parent process will create new child processes. New processes are created at one-second intervals.

<BR>

<P>This setting should not be changed from the default value unless you have a very good reason for the change.

<BR>

<P>(<I>See</I> MaxSpareServers and StartServers.)

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E90"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Options</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Syntax:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Options [All] | [None] | [ExecCGI] [FollowSymLinks] [Includes] [IncludesNOEXEC] [Indexes] [MultiViews] [SymLinksIfOwnerMatch]

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Context:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

server configuration, virtual host, directory, .htaccess

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Override:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Options

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Status:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

core</FONT>

</TABLE><P>The Options directive controls which server options are available in a particular directory:

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

All

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Enables all options except MultiViews.

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

ExecCGI

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Execution of CGI programs is allowed.

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

FollowSymLinks 

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Following of symbolic links is allowed.

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Includes

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Use of Server Side Includes (SSI) is allowed

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

IncludesNOEXEC

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

SSI is allowed with the following restrictions: the #exec and #include commands are disabled.

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Indexes

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Enables return of directory listings in cases where a client requests a directory for which there is no DirectoryIndex file (index.html).

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

MultiViews

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Enables content negotiation based on document language. <I>See</I> LanguagePriority.

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Following of symbolic links is allowed if the target file or directory is owned by the same user as the link. This setting offers better security than the FollowSymLinks option.</FONT>

</TABLE><P>When multiple &lt;Directory&gt; sections that contain Options directives match a request, the Options in the best match are applied. As the following script shows, Option settings are not cumulative:

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">&lt;Directory /usr/local/etc/htdocs/miscfiles&gt;

Options Indexes

&lt;/Directory&gt;

&lt;Directory /usr/local/etc/htdocs&gt;

Options MultiViews

&lt;/Directory&gt;</FONT></PRE>

<P>For requests in the /usr/local/etc/htdocs/miscfiles tree, the only option enforced is MultiViews.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E91"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>PidFile</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Syntax:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

PidFile <I>filename</I>

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Default:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

PidFile logs/httpd.pid

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Context:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

server configuration

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Status:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

core</FONT>

</TABLE><P>This directive specifies the location of a file that contains the process ID of the main httpd process on a standalone configuration. The contents of this file are very useful if you need to stop or start the server. A convenient way to restart the server is to run

<BR>

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080"># kill -HUP 'cat pathToPidFile'</FONT></PRE>

<P>If you are running your server using inetd instead of standalone, the contents of this file are bogus.

<BR>

<P>A <I>filename</I> is set to be relative to ServerRoot if it's not an absolute path specification (begins with a slash).

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E92"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Port</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Syntax:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Port <I>number</I>

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Default:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Port 80

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Context:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

server configuration

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Status:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

core</FONT>

</TABLE><P>The Port directive sets the port where a standalone server listens for requests. The standard port for the HTTP protocol is 80.

<BR>

<P>The <I>number</I> is a TCP port, and as such it has certain restrictions. Ports numbered below 1024 are reserved for the system. Nonroot users cannot bind to reserved ports. If you want to use the default HTTP port (80), httpd must be started by root.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E93"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>require</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Syntax:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

require <I>option</I> <I>name</I> <I>name</I>...

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Context:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

directory, .htaccess

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Override:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

AuthConfig

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Status:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

core</FONT>

</TABLE><P>This directive sets the selection criteria used to determine which authenticated users may access a restricted resource.

<BR>

<P>require also selects which authenticated users can access a directory. The allowed <I>options</I> are as follows:

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

<I>user</I>

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Only users named in the list can access the resource:

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>



<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

require <I>user1</I> <I>user2</I> ...

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

<I>group</I>

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Only users that are members of the groups specified in the list can access the resource:

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>



<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

require <I>group1</I> <I>group2</I> ...

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

<I>valid-user</I>

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Any valid user can access the resource:

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>



<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

require <I>valid-user</I></FONT>

</TABLE><P>If the require directive appears inside a &lt;Limit&gt; section, it restricts access to the named HTTP methods; otherwise, access is restricted for all methods:

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">AuthType Basic

AuthName somedomain

AuthUserFile /web/users

AuthGroupFile /web/groups

Limit &lt;GET POST&gt;

require group admin

&lt;/Limit&gt;</FONT></PRE>

<P>This directive requires the use of the AuthName and AuthType directives, and directives such as AuthUserFile and AuthGroupFile or any of their derivatives, to work properly.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E94"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>ResourceConfig</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Syntax:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

ResourceConfig <I>filename</I>

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Default:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

ResourceConfig conf/srm.conf

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Context:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

server configuration, virtual host

</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Status:

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

core</FONT>

</TABLE><P>The ResourceConfig directive defines the location of a secondary configuration file. <I>Filename</I> can be specified relative to the ServerRoot or as a full pathname. Traditionally, this file contained most configuration directives with the exception of the server configuration and &lt;Directory&gt; sections. This file can contain any directive with a context of server configuration.

<BR>

<P>If not defined, the default is

<BR>

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">ResourceConfig conf/srm.conf</FONT></PRE>

<P>The ResourceConfig directive can also be specified inside a &lt;VirtualHost&gt; section. Only one ResourceConfig directive is allowed in the server configuration file unless the additional directives are part of a &lt;VirtualHost&gt; section, and then only a single ResourceConfig directive is allowed per &lt;VirtualHost&gt; section.

<BR>

<P>To ignore the default setting for the ResourceConfig, define /dev/null as the <I>filename</I> parameter. The file specified by ResourceConfig is read after the server configuration file.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E95"></A>