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<H2>Apache Server Survival Guide asg08.htm</H2>
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<UL>
<UL>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E68" >Apache Configuration Files</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E73" >httpd.conf</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E74" >srm.conf</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E75" >access.conf</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E76" >mime.types</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E69" >Organization of the Configuration Directives</A>
<UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E77" >Accounting Directives</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E78" >Additional Configuration File Directives</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E79" >Automatic Indexing Directives</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E80" >Error-Handling Directives</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E81" >MIME, Language-Management, or Handler-Management Directives</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E82" >Resource Location Directives</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E83" >Resource-Management Directives</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E84" >Security and Access-Control Directives</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E85" >Server I/O Configuration Directives</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E86" >Server-Side Image Map Directives</A>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E69E87" >Proxy Server and Cache-Management Directives</A></UL>
<LI>
<A HREF="#E68E70" >Summary</A></UL></UL></UL>
<HR ALIGN=CENTER>
<A NAME="E66E8"></A>
<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>8</B></FONT></CENTER></H1>
<BR>
<A NAME="E67E12"></A>
<H2 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Apache Configuration Overview</B></FONT></CENTER></H2>
<BR>
<P>The Apache server loads most of its configuration settings from a series of files at runtime when the server starts up. These files specify directives that control the behavior of the server. As you explore and exploit additional functionality of your server, you will be referring to the main configuration files for your changes.
<BR>
<P>Understanding the structure of the configuration files may help you find what you need more effectively. Although you could create a giant master configuration file, this usually doesn't work from a practical point of view because you'll spend a lot of time searching through a single, large file for what you need. Some of the configuration files are already several pages in length. If you were to combine them, it would only make searching a more complicated task.
<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="E68E68"></A>
<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Apache Configuration Files</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>
<BR>
<P>Apache reads its configuration from several files located in the conf directory of your server root:
<BR>
<UL>
<LI>httpd.conf
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>srm.conf
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>access.conf
<BR>
<BR>
<LI>mime.types
<BR>
<BR>
</UL>
<BR>
<A NAME="E69E73"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>httpd.conf</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>httpd.conf contains the main server configuration information. The basic behavior of the server is contained in this file, such as how it runs, UIDs it runs under, what port it listens to, performance issues, and information on how to find other configuration files.
<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="E69E74"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>srm.conf</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>srm.conf is the server's resource configuration file. The directives in this configuration file define the namespace that users can access on your server and the settings that affect how requests are serviced and formatted. The directives in this file control the location of the various resources that the server will access to retrieve information, such as DocumentRoot, the path to user's home pages, the location of the cgi-bin directory, the file the server looks for when the URL ends in a directory, the icons and format the server uses for displaying automatic directory listings, and so on. Directives in this file also map other areas of your UNIX file system into the server's document tree. This allows you to store resources, such as your cgi-bin directory, and make them available as if they were located within the directory specified by DocumentRoot.
<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="E69E75"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>access.conf</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>access.conf is the server's global access-configuration file. This file defines the types of services that are allowed and under what circumstances. Careful configuration of this file is important because many security issues can be avoided if you do your configuration correctly. access.conf defines whether the server will handle server-side includes, execute CGI programs, follow symbolic links, or generate automatic indexes of directories when an index.html file is not found. Many aspects can be overridden by allowing use of per-directory access files (.htaccess files); however, this has a very adverse consequence on the performance of the server. If you can manage it, it is much better to handle all access-configuration issues in the global access-configuration file.
<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="E69E76"></A>
<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>mime.types</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>
<BR>
<P>The mime.types file more than likely won't ever need configuration from you. This file maps MIME formats to file types that the server uses to know which files comply with which MIME standard. Remember that your browser always sends a header like
<BR>
<BR>
<PRE>
<FONT COLOR="#000080">HTTP_ACCEPT = image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, */*</FONT></PRE>
<P>that informs the server of the various types it is able to handle. This file provides the crucial mapping that allows your server to understand the content of a file from its extension.
<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="E68E69"></A>
<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Organization of the Configuration Directives</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>
<BR>
<P>It's hard to group directives into descriptive categories. The Apache approach has been to classify directives based on whether their functionality is part of the server core or added by optional modules.
<BR>
<P><I>Core directives</I> are directives that are always available; the code and modules that incorporate core functionality are built in. This functionality is central to the operation of the Apache Web server.
<BR>
<P><I>Other directives</I> is a broad category that includes everything else that is not part of the core. These directives enhance the server. Many of them are actually included in the default server configuration (also called the base) because they are incredibly useful. Directives that are part of the base build, are available for use without the need to recompile the server.
<BR>
<P>In addition to core and other directives, there are many other directives provided by optional modules. I call these <I>specialized </I><I>directives</I> because they add specialized functionality that not all servers will need.
<BR>
<P>I find this broad classification not clear in terms of providing a good description of what is available right out of the box. I have further classified directives into subgroups (see Tables 8.1 and 8.2). I hope this will help portray the overall set of directives more clearly. Some directives may fit into one or more categories, but for clarity, I included them in only one category each.
<BR>
<BR>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<CENTER>
<FONT COLOR="#000080"><B>Table 8.1. Apache core and base directives.</B></FONT></CENTER>
<BR>
<TABLE BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING=2 >
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<I>Directive</I>
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<I>Type</I>
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<I>Implemented In</I>
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
<I>Base</I>
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
ErrorLog
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Accounting
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Core
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
HostNameLookups
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Accounting
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Core
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
PidFile
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Accounting
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Core
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
TransferLog
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Accounting
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_log_common(mod_log_common)
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
ResourceConfig
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Additional configuration files
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Core
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
AccessConfig
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Additional configuration files
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Core
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
AccessFileName
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Additional configuration files
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Core
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080><BR></FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
TypesConfig
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Additional configuration files
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_mime
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
AddDescription
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Automatic indexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_dir
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
AddIcon
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Automatic indexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_dir
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
AddIconByEncoding
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Automatic indexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_dir
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
AddIconByType
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Automatic indexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_dir
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
DefaultIcon
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Automatic indexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_dir
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
FancyIndexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Automatic indexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_dir
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
HeaderName
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Automatic indexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_dir
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
IndexIgnore
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Automatic indexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_dir
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
IndexOptions
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Automatic indexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_dir
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
ReadmeName
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Automatic indexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_dir
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Yes
</FONT>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
DirectoryIndex
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
Automatic indexing
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
mod_dir
</FONT>
<TD VALIGN=top BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>
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