vlan6.htm

VLAN教學其他人不需帐号就可自由下载此源码

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<body lang=ZH-CN link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:21.0pt;text-justify-trim:
punctuation'>

<div class=Section1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt'>VLAN</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>间路由</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt'>1</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;
mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red'>VLAN</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>间路由的必要性</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>根据目前为止学习的知识，我们已经知道两台计算机即使连接在同一台交换机上，<span style='color:red'>只要所属的</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:red'>VLAN</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red'>不同就无法直接通信</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。接下来我们将要学习的就是如何在不同的</span><span lang=EN-US>VLAN</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>间进行路由，使分属不同</span><span lang=EN-US>VLAN</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的主机能够互相通信。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>首先，先来复习一下为什么不同</span><span lang=EN-US>VLAN</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>间不通过路由就无法通信。在</span><span lang=EN-US>LAN</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>内的通信，必须在数据帧头中指定通信目标的</span><span lang=EN-US>MAC</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>地址。而为了获取</span><span lang=EN-US>MAC</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>地址，</span><span lang=EN-US>TCP/IP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>协议下使用的是</span><span lang=EN-US>ARP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>。</span><span lang=EN-US>ARP</span><span style='font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>解析</span><span
lang=EN-US>MAC</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>地址的方法，则是通过广播。也就是说，如果广播报文无法到达，那么就无从解析</span><span
lang=EN-US>MAC</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>地址，亦即无法直接通信。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>计算机分属不同的</span><span lang=EN-US>VLAN</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>，也就意味着分属不同的广播域，自然收不到彼此的广播报文。因此，属于不同</span><span lang=EN-US>VLAN</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>的计算机之间无法直接互相通信。为了能够在</span><span lang=EN-US>VLAN</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>间通信，需要利用</span><span lang=EN-US>OSI</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>参照模型中更高一层——网络层的信息（</span><span lang=EN-US>IP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>地址）来进行路由。关于路由的具体内容，以后有机会再详细解说吧。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>路由功能，一般主要由路由器提供。但在今天的局域网里，我们也经常利用带有路由功能的交换机——三层交换机（</span><span
lang=EN-US>Layer 3 Switch</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）来实现。接下来就让我们分别看看使用路由器和三层交换机进行</span><span
lang=EN-US>VLAN</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>间路由时的情况。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><span
lang=EN-US><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>使用路由器进行</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red'>VLAN</span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>间路由</span></b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan'><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>在使用路由器进行</span><span lang=EN-US>VLAN</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>间路由时，与构建横跨多台交换机的</span><span lang=EN-US>VLAN</span><span