numberutils.java

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        return Integer.decode(val);
    }

    /**
     * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>Long</code>.</p>
     * 
     * @param val  a <code>String</code> to convert
     * @return converted <code>Long</code>
     * @throws NumberFormatException if the value cannot be converted
     */
    public static Long createLong(String val) {
        return Long.valueOf(val);
    }

    /**
     * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>BigInteger</code>.</p>
     * 
     * @param val  a <code>String</code> to convert
     * @return converted <code>BigInteger</code>
     * @throws NumberFormatException if the value cannot be converted
     */
    public static BigInteger createBigInteger(String val) {
        BigInteger bi = new BigInteger(val);
        return bi;
    }

    /**
     * <p>Convert a <code>String</code> to a <code>BigDecimal</code>.</p>
     * 
     * @param val  a <code>String</code> to convert
     * @return converted <code>BigDecimal</code>
     * @throws NumberFormatException if the value cannot be converted
     */
    public static BigDecimal createBigDecimal(String val) {
        BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal(val);
        return bd;
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * <p>Gets the minimum of three <code>long</code> values.</p>
     * 
     * @param a  value 1
     * @param b  value 2
     * @param c  value 3
     * @return  the smallest of the values
     */
    public static long minimum(long a, long b, long c) {
        if (b < a) {
            a = b;
        }
        if (c < a) {
            a = c;
        }
        return a;
    }

    /**
     * <p>Gets the minimum of three <code>int</code> values.</p>
     * 
     * @param a  value 1
     * @param b  value 2
     * @param c  value 3
     * @return  the smallest of the values
     */
    public static int minimum(int a, int b, int c) {
        if (b < a) {
            a = b;
        }
        if (c < a) {
            a = c;
        }
        return a;
    }

    /**
     * <p>Gets the maximum of three <code>long</code> values.</p>
     * 
     * @param a  value 1
     * @param b  value 2
     * @param c  value 3
     * @return  the largest of the values
     */
    public static long maximum(long a, long b, long c) {
        if (b > a) {
            a = b;
        }
        if (c > a) {
            a = c;
        }
        return a;
    }

    /**
     * <p>Gets the maximum of three <code>int</code> values.</p>
     * 
     * @param a  value 1
     * @param b  value 2
     * @param c  value 3
     * @return  the largest of the values
     */
    public static int maximum(int a, int b, int c) {
        if (b > a) {
            a = b;
        }
        if (c > a) {
            a = c;
        }
        return a;
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * <p>Compares two <code>doubles</code> for order.</p>
     *
     * <p>This method is more comprehensive than the standard Java greater
     * than, less than and equals operators.</p>
     * <ul>
     *  <li>It returns <code>-1</code> if the first value is less than the second.
     *  <li>It returns <code>+1</code> if the first value is greater than the second.
     *  <li>It returns <code>0</code> if the values are equal.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>
     * The ordering is as follows, largest to smallest:
     * <ul>
     *  <li>NaN
     *  <li>Positive infinity
     *  <li>Maximum double
     *  <li>Normal positve numbers
     *  <li>+0.0
     *  <li>-0.0
     *  <li>Normal negative numbers
     *  <li>Minimum double (-Double.MAX_VALUE)
     *  <li>Negative infinity
     * </ul>
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>Comparing <code>NaN</code> with <code>NaN</code> will
     * return <code>0</code>.</p>
     * 
     * @param lhs  the first <code>double</code>
     * @param rhs  the second <code>double</code>
     * @return <code>-1</code> if lhs is less, <code>+1</code> if greater,
     *  <code>0</code> if equal to rhs
     */
    public static int compare(double lhs, double rhs) {
        if (lhs < rhs) {
            return -1;
        }
        if (lhs > rhs) {
            return +1;
        }
        // Need to compare bits to handle 0.0 == -0.0 being true
        // compare should put -0.0 < +0.0
        // Two NaNs are also == for compare purposes
        // where NaN == NaN is false
        long lhsBits = Double.doubleToLongBits(lhs);
        long rhsBits = Double.doubleToLongBits(rhs);
        if (lhsBits == rhsBits) {
            return 0;
        }
        // Something exotic! A comparison to NaN or 0.0 vs -0.0
        // Fortunately NaN's long is > than everything else
        // Also negzeros bits < poszero
        // NAN: 9221120237041090560
        // MAX: 9218868437227405311
        // NEGZERO: -9223372036854775808
        if (lhsBits < rhsBits) {
            return -1;
        } else {
            return +1;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * <p>Compares two floats for order.</p>
     *
     * <p>This method is more comprhensive than the standard Java greater than,
     * less than and equals operators.</p>
     * <ul>
     *  <li>It returns <code>-1</code> if the first value is less than the second.
     *  <li>It returns <code>+1</code> if the first value is greater than the second.
     *  <li>It returns <code>0</code> if the values are equal.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p> The ordering is as follows, largest to smallest:
     * <ul>
     * <li>NaN
     * <li>Positive infinity
     * <li>Maximum float
     * <li>Normal positve numbers
     * <li>+0.0
     * <li>-0.0
     * <li>Normal negative numbers
     * <li>Minimum float (-Float.MAX_VALUE)
     * <li>Negative infinity
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>Comparing <code>NaN</code> with <code>NaN</code> will return
     * <code>0</code>.</p>
     * 
     * @param lhs  the first <code>float</code>
     * @param rhs  the second <code>float</code>
     * @return <code>-1</code> if lhs is less, <code>+1</code> if greater,
     *  <code>0</code> if equal to rhs
     */
    public static int compare(float lhs, float rhs) {
        if (lhs < rhs) {
            return -1;
        }
        if (lhs > rhs) {
            return +1;
        }
        //Need to compare bits to handle 0.0 == -0.0 being true
        // compare should put -0.0 < +0.0
        // Two NaNs are also == for compare purposes
        // where NaN == NaN is false
        int lhsBits = Float.floatToIntBits(lhs);
        int rhsBits = Float.floatToIntBits(rhs);
        if (lhsBits == rhsBits) {
            return 0;
        }
        //Something exotic! A comparison to NaN or 0.0 vs -0.0
        //Fortunately NaN's int is > than everything else
        //Also negzeros bits < poszero
        //NAN: 2143289344
        //MAX: 2139095039
        //NEGZERO: -2147483648
        if (lhsBits < rhsBits) {
            return -1;
        } else {
            return +1;
        }
    }
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    /**
     * <p>Checks whether the <code>String</code> contains only
     * digit characters.</p>
     *
     * <p><code>Null</code> and empty String will return
     * <code>false</code>.</p>
     *
     * @param str  the <code>String</code> to check
     * @return <code>true</code> if str contains only unicode numeric
     */
    public static boolean isDigits(String str) {
        if ((str == null) || (str.length() == 0)) {
            return false;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
            if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * <p>Checks whether the String a valid Java number.</p>
     *
     * <p>Valid numbers include hexadecimal marked with the <code>0x</code>
     * qualifier, scientific notation and numbers marked with a type
     * qualifier (e.g. 123L).</p>
     *
     * <p><code>Null</code> and empty String will return
     * <code>false</code>.</p>
     *
     * @param str  the <code>String</code> to check
     * @return <code>true</code> if the string is a correctly formatted number
     */
    public static boolean isNumber(String str) {
        if ((str == null) || (str.length() == 0)) {
            return false;
        }
        char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
        int sz = chars.length;
        boolean hasExp = false;
        boolean hasDecPoint = false;
        boolean allowSigns = false;
        boolean foundDigit = false;
        // deal with any possible sign up front
        int start = (chars[0] == '-') ? 1 : 0;
        if (sz > start + 1) {
            if (chars[start] == '0' && chars[start + 1] == 'x') {
                int i = start + 2;
                if (i == sz) {
                    return false; // str == "0x"
                }
                // checking hex (it can't be anything else)
                for (; i < chars.length; i++) {
                    if ((chars[i] < '0' || chars[i] > '9')
                        && (chars[i] < 'a' || chars[i] > 'f')
                        && (chars[i] < 'A' || chars[i] > 'F')) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        sz--; // don't want to loop to the last char, check it afterwords
              // for type qualifiers
        int i = start;
        // loop to the next to last char or to the last char if we need another digit to
        // make a valid number (e.g. chars[0..5] = "1234E")
        while (i < sz || (i < sz + 1 && allowSigns && !foundDigit)) {
            if (chars[i] >= '0' && chars[i] <= '9') {
                foundDigit = true;
                allowSigns = false;

            } else if (chars[i] == '.') {
                if (hasDecPoint || hasExp) {
                    // two decimal points or dec in exponent   
                    return false;
                }
                hasDecPoint = true;
            } else if (chars[i] == 'e' || chars[i] == 'E') {
                // we've already taken care of hex.
                if (hasExp) {
                    // two E's
                    return false;
                }
                if (!foundDigit) {
                    return false;
                }
                hasExp = true;
                allowSigns = true;
            } else if (chars[i] == '+' || chars[i] == '-') {
                if (!allowSigns) {
                    return false;
                }
                allowSigns = false;
                foundDigit = false; // we need a digit after the E
            } else {
                return false;
            }
            i++;
        }
        if (i < chars.length) {
            if (chars[i] >= '0' && chars[i] <= '9') {
                // no type qualifier, OK
                return true;
            }
            if (chars[i] == 'e' || chars[i] == 'E') {
                // can't have an E at the last byte
                return false;
            }
            if (!allowSigns
                && (chars[i] == 'd'
                    || chars[i] == 'D'
                    || chars[i] == 'f'
                    || chars[i] == 'F')) {
                return foundDigit;
            }
            if (chars[i] == 'l'
                || chars[i] == 'L') {
                // not allowing L with an exponoent
                return foundDigit && !hasExp;
            }
            // last character is illegal
            return false;
        }
        // allowSigns is true iff the val ends in 'E'
        // found digit it to make sure weird stuff like '.' and '1E-' doesn't pass
        return !allowSigns && foundDigit;
    }
}