patch.man

制作2.6内核的CLFS时 patch包

.TP
\fB\-i\fP \fIpatchfile\fP  or  \fB\*=input=\fP\fIpatchfile\fP
Read the patch from
.IR patchfile .
If
.I patchfile
is
.BR \- ,
read from standard input, the default.
.TP
\fB\-l\fP  or  \fB\*=ignore\-whitespace\fP
Match patterns loosely, in case tabs or spaces
have been munged in your files.
Any sequence of one or more blanks in the patch file matches any sequence
in the original file, and sequences of blanks at the ends of lines are ignored.
Normal characters must still match exactly.
Each line of the context must still match a line in the original file.
.TP
\fB\-n\fP  or  \fB\*=normal\fP
Interpret the patch file as a normal diff.
.TP
\fB\-N\fP  or  \fB\*=forward\fP
Ignore patches that seem to be reversed or already applied.
See also
.BR \-R .
.TP
\fB\-o\fP \fIoutfile\fP  or  \fB\*=output=\fP\fIoutfile\fP
Send output to
.I outfile
instead of patching files in place.
Do not use this option if
.I outfile
is one of the files to be patched.
.TP
\fB\-p\fP\fInum\fP  or  \fB\*=strip\fP\fB=\fP\fInum\fP
Strip the smallest prefix containing
.I num
leading slashes from each file name found in the patch file.
A sequence of one or more adjacent slashes is counted as a single slash.
This controls how file names found in the patch file are treated, in case
you keep your files in a different directory than the person who sent
out the patch.
For example, supposing the file name in the patch file was
.Sp
	\fB/u/howard/src/blurfl/blurfl.c\fP
.Sp
setting
.B \-p0
gives the entire file name unmodified,
.B \-p1
gives
.Sp
	\fBu/howard/src/blurfl/blurfl.c\fP
.Sp
without the leading slash,
.B \-p4
gives
.Sp
	\fBblurfl/blurfl.c\fP
.Sp
and not specifying
.B \-p
at all just gives you \fBblurfl.c\fP.
Whatever you end up with is looked for either in the current directory,
or the directory specified by the
.B \-d
option.
.TP
.B \*=posix
Conform more strictly to the \s-1POSIX\s0 standard, as follows.
.RS
.TP 3
.B " \(bu"
Take the first existing file from the list (old, new, index)
when intuiting file names from diff headers.
.TP
.B " \(bu"
Do not remove files that are empty after patching.
.TP
.B " \(bu"
Do not ask whether to get files from \s-1RCS\s0, ClearCase, Perforce,
or \s-1SCCS\s0.
.TP
.B " \(bu"
Require that all options precede the files in the command line.
.TP
.B " \(bu"
Do not backup files when there is a mismatch.
.RE
.TP
.BI \*=quoting\-style= word
Use style
.I word
to quote output names.
The
.I word
should be one of the following:
.RS
.TP
.B literal
Output names as-is.
.TP
.B shell
Quote names for the shell if they contain shell metacharacters or would
cause ambiguous output.
.TP
.B shell-always
Quote names for the shell, even if they would normally not require quoting.
.TP
.B c
Quote names as for a C language string.
.TP
.B escape
Quote as with
.B c
except omit the surrounding double-quote characters.
.LP
You can specify the default value of the
.B \*=quoting\-style
option with the environment variable
.BR QUOTING_STYLE .
If that environment variable is not set, the default value is
.BR shell .
.RE
.TP
\fB\-r\fP \fIrejectfile\fP  or  \fB\*=reject\-file=\fP\fIrejectfile\fP
Put rejects into
.I rejectfile
instead of the default
.B \&.rej
file.
.TP
\fB\-R\fP  or  \fB\*=reverse\fP
Assume that this patch was created with the old and new files swapped.
(Yes, I'm afraid that does happen occasionally, human nature being what it
is.)
.B patch
attempts to swap each hunk around before applying it.
Rejects come out in the swapped format.
The
.B \-R
option does not work with
.B ed
diff scripts because there is too little
information to reconstruct the reverse operation.
.Sp
If the first hunk of a patch fails,
.B patch
reverses the hunk to see if it can be applied that way.
If it can, you are asked if you want to have the
.B \-R
option set.
If it can't, the patch continues to be applied normally.
(Note: this method cannot detect a reversed patch if it is a normal diff
and if the first command is an append (i.e. it should have been a delete)
since appends always succeed, due to the fact that a null context matches
anywhere.
Luckily, most patches add or change lines rather than delete them, so most
reversed normal diffs begin with a delete, which fails, triggering
the heuristic.)
.TP
\fB\-s\fP  or  \fB\*=silent\fP  or  \fB\*=quiet\fP
Work silently, unless an error occurs.
.TP
\fB\-t\fP  or  \fB\*=batch\fP
Suppress questions like
.BR \-f ,
but make some different assumptions:
skip patches whose headers do not contain file names (the same as \fB\-f\fP);
skip patches for which the file has the wrong version for the
.B Prereq:\&
line
in the patch; and assume that patches are reversed if they look like
they are.
.TP
\fB\-T\fP  or  \fB\*=set\-time\fP
Set the modification and access times of patched files from time stamps
given in context diff headers, assuming that the context diff headers
use local time.  This option is not recommended, because patches using
local time cannot easily be used by people in other time zones, and
because local time stamps are ambiguous when local clocks move backwards
during daylight-saving time adjustments.  Instead of using this option,
generate patches with \s-1UTC\s0 and use the
.B \-Z
or
.B \*=set\-utc
option instead.
.TP
\fB\-u\fP  or  \fB\*=unified\fP
Interpret the patch file as a unified context diff.
.TP
\fB\-v\fP  or  \fB\*=version\fP
Print out
.BR patch 's
revision header and patch level, and exit.
.TP
\fB\-V\fP \fImethod\fP  or  \fB\*=version\-control=\fP\fImethod\fP
Use
.I method
to determine
backup file names.  The method can also be given by the
.B PATCH_VERSION_CONTROL
(or, if that's not set, the
.BR VERSION_CONTROL )
environment variable, which is overridden by this option.
The method does not affect whether backup files are made;
it affects only the names of any backup files that are made.
.Sp
The value of
.I method
is like the \s-1GNU\s0
Emacs `version-control' variable;
.B patch
also recognizes synonyms that
are more descriptive.  The valid values for
.I method
are (unique abbreviations are
accepted):
.RS
.TP 3
\fBexisting\fP  or  \fBnil\fP
Make numbered backups of files that already have them,
otherwise simple backups.
This is the default.
.TP
\fBnumbered\fP  or  \fBt\fP
Make numbered backups.  The numbered backup file name for
.I F
is
.IB F .~ N ~
where
.I N
is the version number.
.TP
\fBsimple\fP  or  \fBnever\fP
Make simple backups.
The
.B \-B
or
.BR \*=prefix ,
.B \-Y
or
.BR \*=basename\-prefix ,
and
.B \-z
or
.BR \*=suffix
options specify the simple backup file name.
If none of these options are given, then a simple backup suffix is used;
it is the value of the
.B SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
environment variable if set, and is
.B \&.orig
otherwise.
.PP
With numbered or simple backups,
if the backup file name is too long, the backup suffix
.B ~
is used instead; if even appending
.B ~
would make the name too long, then
.B ~
replaces the last character of the file name.
.RE
.TP
\fB\*=verbose\fP
Output extra information about the work being done.
.TP
\fB\-x\fP \fInum\fP  or  \fB\*=debug=\fP\fInum\fP
Set internal debugging flags of interest only to
.B patch
patchers.
.TP
\fB\-Y\fP \fIpref\fP  or  \fB\*=basename\-prefix=\fP\fIpref\fP
Prefix
.I pref
to the basename of a file name when generating its simple backup file name.
For example, with
.B "\-Y\ .del/"
the simple backup file name for
.B src/patch/util.c
is
.BR src/patch/.del/util.c .
.TP
\fB\-z\fP \fIsuffix\fP  or  \fB\*=suffix=\fP\fIsuffix\fP
Use
.I suffix
as the simple backup suffix.
For example, with
.B "\-z\ -"
the simple backup file name for
.B src/patch/util.c
is
.BR src/patch/util.c- .
The backup suffix may also be specified by the
.B SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
environment variable, which is overridden by this option.
.TP
\fB\-Z\fP  or  \fB\*=set\-utc\fP
Set the modification and access times of patched files from time stamps
given in context diff headers, assuming that the context diff headers
use Coordinated Universal Time (\s-1UTC\s0, often known as \s-1GMT\s0).
Also see the
.B \-T
or
.B \*=set\-time
option.
.Sp
The
.B \-Z
or
.B \*=set\-utc
and
.B \-T
or
.B \*=set\-time
options normally refrain from setting a file's time if the file's original time
does not match the time given in the patch header, or if its
contents do not match the patch exactly.  However, if the
.B \-f
or
.B \*=force
option is given, the file time is set regardless.
.Sp
Due to the limitations of
.B diff
output format, these options cannot update the times of files whose
contents have not changed.  Also, if you use these options, you should remove
(e.g. with
.BR "make\ clean" )
all files that depend on the patched files, so that later invocations of
.B make
do not get confused by the patched files' times.
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.TP 3
.B PATCH_GET
This specifies whether
.B patch
gets missing or read-only files from \s-1RCS\s0, ClearCase, Perforce,
or \s-1SCCS\s0
by default; see the
.B \-g
or
.B \*=get
option.
.TP
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
If set,
.B patch
conforms more strictly to the \s-1POSIX\s0 standard by default:
see the
.B \*=posix
option.
.TP
.B QUOTING_STYLE
Default value of the
.B \*=quoting\-style
option.
.TP
.B SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
Extension to use for simple backup file names instead of
.BR \&.orig .
.TP
\fBTMPDIR\fP, \fBTMP\fP, \fBTEMP\fP
Directory to put temporary files in;
.B patch
uses the first environment variable in this list that is set.
If none are set, the default is system-dependent;
it is normally
.B /tmp
on Unix hosts.
.TP
\fBVERSION_CONTROL\fP or \fBPATCH_VERSION_CONTROL\fP
Selects version control style; see the
.B \-v
or
.B \*=version\-control
option.
.SH FILES
.TP 3
.IB $TMPDIR "/p\(**"
temporary files
.TP
.B /dev/tty
controlling terminal; used to get answers to questions asked of the user
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR diff (1),