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<!-- SectionName="EC++ Table of Contents" -->
<A NAME="dingp1"></A><DIV ID="egtitle"><font size="+2">Effective C++, Second Edition</font></DIV>
<FONT ID="egtitle">Contents</FONT><SCRIPT>create_link(1);</SCRIPT>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="3" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR><TD colspan="4" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT ID="eitemtoc"><A NAME="dingp2"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#ded" TARGET="_top">Dedication</A></FONT><SCRIPT>create_link(2);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD colspan="4" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT ID="eitemtoc"><A NAME="dingp3"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#32" TARGET="_top">Preface</A></FONT><SCRIPT>create_link(3);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD colspan="4" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT ID="eitemtoc"><A NAME="dingp4"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#52" TARGET="_top">Acknowledgments</A></FONT><SCRIPT>create_link(4);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD colspan="4" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT ID="eitemtoc"><A NAME="dingp5"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#1709" TARGET="_top">Introduction</A></FONT><SCRIPT>create_link(5);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD colspan="4" VALIGN="TOP"><HR WIDTH="100%" SIZE="1"><FONT ID="eitemtoc"><NOBR><A NAME="dingp6"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#222823" TARGET="_top">Shifting from C to C++</A></NOBR></FONT><SCRIPT>create_link(6);</SCRIPT>
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<TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp7"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#1790" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 1:</A> </NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Prefer </A><CODE>const</CODE> and <CODE>inline</CODE> to <CODE>#define</CODE>.<SCRIPT>create_link(7);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp8"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#95970" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 2:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Prefer </A><CODE><iostream></CODE> to <CODE><stdio.h></CODE>.<SCRIPT>create_link(8);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp9"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#1838" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 3:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Prefer </A><CODE>new</CODE> and <CODE>delete</CODE> to <CODE>malloc</CODE> and <CODE>free</CODE>.<SCRIPT>create_link(9);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp10"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#1854" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 4:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Prefer C++-style comments.<SCRIPT>create_link(10);</SCRIPT>
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD colspan="4" VALIGN="TOP"><HR WIDTH="100%" SIZE="1"><FONT ID="eitemtoc"><NOBR><A NAME="dingp11"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#1866" TARGET="_top">Memory Management</A></NOBR></FONT><SCRIPT>create_link(11);</SCRIPT>
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<TD ROWSPAN="7"> </TD>
<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp12"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#1869" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 5:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Use the same form in corresponding uses of </A><CODE>new</CODE> and <CODE>delete</CODE>.<SCRIPT>create_link(12);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp13"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#1885" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 6:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Use </A><CODE>delete</CODE> on pointer members in destructors.<SCRIPT>create_link(13);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp14"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#1894" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 7:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Be prepared for out-of-memory conditions.<SCRIPT>create_link(14);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp15"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#120851" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 8:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Adhere to convention when writing </A><CODE>operator</CODE> <CODE>new</CODE> and <CODE>operator</CODE> <CODE>delete</CODE>.<SCRIPT>create_link(15);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp16"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#1961" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 9:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Avoid hiding the "normal" form of </A><CODE>new</CODE>.<SCRIPT>create_link(16);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp17"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#1987" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 10:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Write </A><CODE>operator</CODE> <CODE>delete</CODE> if you write <CODE>operator</CODE> <CODE>new</CODE>.<SCRIPT>create_link(17);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD colspan="4" VALIGN="TOP"><HR WIDTH="100%" SIZE="1"><FONT ID="eitemtoc"><NOBR><A NAME="dingp18"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#2040" TARGET="_top">Constructors, Destructors, and Assignment Operators</A></NOBR></FONT><SCRIPT>create_link(18);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp19"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#2042" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 11:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Declare a copy constructor and an assignment operator for classes with dynamically allocated memory.<SCRIPT>create_link(19);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="px"></A><A NAME="dingp20"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#2071" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 12:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Prefer initialization to assignment in constructors.<SCRIPT>create_link(20);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp21"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#2117" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 13:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>List members in an initialization list in the order in which they are declared.<SCRIPT>create_link(21);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp22"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#223029" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 14:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Make sure base classes have virtual destructors.<SCRIPT>create_link(22);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp23"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#2182" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 15:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Have </A><CODE>operator=</CODE> return a reference to <CODE>*this</CODE>.<SCRIPT>create_link(23);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp24"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#2225" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 16:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Assign to all data members in </A><CODE>operator=</CODE>.<SCRIPT>create_link(24);</SCRIPT>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp25"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#2264" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 17:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Check for assignment to self in </A><CODE>operator=</CODE>.<SCRIPT>create_link(25);</SCRIPT>
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD colspan="4" VALIGN="TOP"><HR WIDTH="100%" SIZE="1"><FONT ID="eitemtoc"><NOBR><A NAME="dingp26"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#2327" TARGET="_top">Classes and Functions: Design and Declaration</A></NOBR></FONT><SCRIPT>create_link(26);</SCRIPT>
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<TD ROWSPAN="12"> </TD>
<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp27"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#17774" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 18:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Strive for class interfaces that are complete and minimal.<SCRIPT>create_link(27);</SCRIPT>
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp28"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#5887" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 19:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Differentiate among member functions, non-member functions, and friend functions.<SCRIPT>create_link(28);</SCRIPT>
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp29"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#5976" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 20:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Avoid data members in the public interface.<SCRIPT>create_link(29);</SCRIPT>
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"><A NAME="dingp30"></A><A HREF="E_FR.HTM#6003" TARGET="_top"><NOBR>Item 21:</A></NOBR></TD><TD> </TD><TD>Use </A><CODE>const</CODE> whenever possible.<SCRIPT>create_link(30);</SCRIPT>
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