intro.htm

一个非常适合初学者入门的有关c++的文档

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<A NAME="AUTO00012"></A><A NAME="dingp22"></A>
This CD also contains a comprehensive index of the material in <A HREF="../EC/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Effective C++'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>Effective C++</I></A> and <A HREF="../MEC/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to More Effective C++'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>More Effective C++</I></A>. Formed by merging the three independent indices found in the paper books, it provides an easy way to find material on any topic in either (or both) books. However, the index is only one way to find what you're looking for. We've gone to great lengths to facilitate <A HREF="#search" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to overview of searching'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">searching the CD</A>, so you're no longer constrained by what I decided was worth indexing. If a word or phrase appears <I>anywhere</I> on this CD (except as a <A HREF="../HELP/NOIDX_FR.HTM" target="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Search help list of stop words'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">stop word</a>), you can find it.<SCRIPT>create_link(22);</SCRIPT>

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<A NAME="AUTO00013"></A><A NAME="dingp23"></A>
In addition to the books, I've included several <A HREF="../MAGAZINE/MA_FRAME.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to magazine articles'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">magazine articles</A> that build on material covered in <A HREF="../EC/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Effective C++'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>Effective C++</I></A> or <A HREF="../MEC/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to More Effective C++'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>More Effective C++</I></A>. I wrote or helped write some of the articles, but others &#151; notably those on exception handling &#151; were written by such luminaries as <nobr><FONT COLOR="#FF0000" SIZE="-2"><B>&deg;</B></FONT><A HREF="http://www.awl.com/cseng/cgi-bin/cdquery.pl?name=cargill" ONMOUSEOVER = "self.status = 'Tom Cargill\'s Home Page'; return true" ONMOUSEOUT = "self.status = self.defaultStatus" TARGET="_top">Tom</nobr> Cargill</A>, <nobr><FONT COLOR="#FF0000" SIZE="-2"><B>&deg;</B></FONT><A HREF="http://www.awl.com/cseng/cgi-bin/cdquery.pl?name=reeves" ONMOUSEOVER = "self.status = 'Jack Reeves\' Home Page'; return true" ONMOUSEOUT = "self.status = self.defaultStatus" TARGET="_top">Jack</nobr> Reeves</A>, and <nobr><FONT COLOR="#FF0000" SIZE="-2"><B>&deg;</B></FONT><A HREF="http://www.awl.com/cseng/cgi-bin/cdquery.pl?name=hs" ONMOUSEOVER = "self.status = 'Herb Sutter\'s Home Page'; return true" ONMOUSEOUT = "self.status = self.defaultStatus" TARGET="_top">Herb</nobr> Sutter</A>. I added links among these articles and my books, and I hope you'll agree that the result is greater than the sum of its parts.<SCRIPT>create_link(23);</SCRIPT>

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<A NAME="AUTO00014"></A><A NAME="dingp24"></A>
Finally, you'll find some links between material on this CD and related
material on the Internet. In essence, this CD is a web site, and as such
it's only natural that it contains links to other places in cyberspace. As
<nobr><FONT COLOR="#FF0000" SIZE="-2"><B>&deg;</B></FONT><A
HREF="http://www.awl.com/cseng/cgi-bin/cdquery.pl?name=donne" ONMOUSEOVER
= "self.status = 'John Donne\'s Home Page'; return true" ONMOUSEOUT =
"self.status = self.defaultStatus" TARGET="_top">John</nobr> Donne</A> might have
put it, no web site is an island, entire of itself. This CD, though
functionally self-contained, is no exception to that rule. (See below for
information on how <A HREF="#externalLinkSymbol" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to how links to the Internet are handled'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">links to the Internet</A> are handled.)<SCRIPT>create_link(24);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="AUTO00015"></A><A NAME="dingp25"></A>
Much to my regret, you won't find a copy of the official <nobr><FONT COLOR="#FF0000" SIZE="-2"><B>&deg;</B></FONT><A HREF="http://www.awl.com/cseng/cgi-bin/cdquery.pl?name=iso" ONMOUSEOVER="self.status='ISO Home Page'; return true" ONMOUSEOUT="self.status=self.defaultStatus" TARGET="_top">ISO</nobr></A>/<nobr><FONT COLOR="#FF0000" SIZE="-2"><B>&deg;</B></FONT><A HREF="http://www.awl.com/cseng/cgi-bin/cdquery.pl?name=ansi" ONMOUSEOVER="self.status='ANSI Home Page'; return true" ONMOUSEOUT="self.status=self.defaultStatus" TARGET="_top">ANSI</nobr></A> standard for C++ on this CD. I wanted to include a copy, but it turned out that the attendant licensing fees would have increased the price of the CD by 25%-30%, and I just didn't think it was worth it. Never fear, however. I've provided the following link to a web-hosted copy of <nobr><FONT COLOR="#FF0000" SIZE="-2"><B>&deg;</B></FONT><A HREF="http://www.awl.com/cseng/cgi-bin/cdquery.pl?name=cstandard"  ONMOUSEOVER = "self.status = 'The latest publicly-available version of the C++ standard'; return true" ONMOUSEOUT = "self.status = self.defaultStatus" TARGET="_top">the</nobr> latest publicly available draft of the C++ standard.</A> That's not as convenient as having the standard on this CD, of course, but it's almost as good, and it's a lot less expensive.<SCRIPT>create_link(25);</SCRIPT>

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<A NAME="navigation"></A>
<FONT ID="iititle"> <A
<A NAME="dingp26"></A>Navigating the CD</FONT><SCRIPT>create_link(26);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="AUTO00017"></A><A NAME="dingp27"></A>
You're never more than two clicks away from anything on this CD. Furthermore, you've always got <I>immediate</I> access to both books, the Books' Index, the collection of magazine articles, <A HREF="#search" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to overview of searching'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">the comprehensive search engine</A> (described below), <A HREF="#config" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to control over the configuration of your viewing preferences'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">control over the configuration of your viewing preferences</A> (also described below), this Introduction, and the CD's Home Page.<SCRIPT>create_link(27);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="AUTO00018"></A><A NAME="dingp28"></A>
The key to this access is the column at the left of your browser window, the CD's <I>Navigation Area</I>. Regardless of where you are on the CD, clicking on the appropriate button in the Navigation Area always takes you to the <A HREF="../EC/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Effective C++ Home Page'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>Effective C++</I> Home Page</A>, the <A HREF="../MEC/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to More Effective C++ Home Page'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>More Effective C++</I> Home Page</A>, or the <A HREF="../MAGAZINE/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Magazine Articles Home Page'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">Magazine Articles Home Page</A>. Each of these pages displays the corresponding table of contents, so from there you can jump directly to any book Item or magazine article.<SCRIPT>create_link(28);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="AUTO00019"></A><A NAME="dingp29"></A>
For example, suppose you're somewhere &#151; <I>anywhere</I> &#151; on the CD and you're overcome with an urge to read <SCRIPT>sendmetoo(22, 6133, 'E');</SCRIPT> onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to EC++ Item 22: Prefer pass-by-reference to pass-by-value'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">Item 22 of <I>Effective C++</I></A>. No problem, just click on the <A HREF="../EC/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Effective C++'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>Effective C++</I></A> button in the Navigation Area, then select <SCRIPT>sendmetoo(22, 6133, 'E');</SCRIPT> onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to EC++ Item 22: Prefer pass-by-reference to pass-by-value'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">Item 22</A> from the book's table of contents. Or suppose you just <I>have</I> to reread my magazine article on counting objects. Simply click on the <A HREF="../MAGAZINE/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Magazine Articles'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">Magazine Articles</A> button in the Navigation Area, then choose that article from the list.<SCRIPT>create_link(29);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="AUTO00020"></A><A NAME="dingp30"></A>
If you don't know exactly where you want to go, you'll probably want to search for the information you desire. As you'll soon see, there are <A HREF="#search" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to overview of searching'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">different ways to search</A>, and you have constant access to all of them. The Navigation Area gives you direct access to the <A HREF="../BOOKINDX/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Books Index'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">Books' Index</A> and the <A HREF="javascript:loadApplet()" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to search applet'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">search applet</A>, and of course <A HREF="#AUTO00029" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Description of browser search capabilities'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">your browser's built-in search command</A> is always available.<SCRIPT>create_link(30);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="AUTO00021"></A><A NAME="dingp31"></A>
If you have access to a printed copy of <A HREF="../EC/INDEX.HTM"
TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Effective C++'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>Effective C++</I></A> or <A HREF="../MEC/INDEX.HTM"
TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to More Effective C++'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>More Effective C++</I></A>, you may find it convenient to
jump to particular book pages. That's easy to do. The Navigation Area for
each book contains a field where you can enter the page number you
want. Just type the number and hit Enter (or click on the "GO" button). <I>Voil&aacute;!</I> You'll be there. (More or less. Remember that your browser determines line breaks on the fly.) To jump to page 99 of <A HREF="../MEC/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to More Effective C++'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>More Effective C++</I></A>, for example, go to the Home Page for that book, type 99 in the "GO" field in the Navigation Area, and hit Enter. That's all there is to it.<SCRIPT>create_link(31);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="AUTO00022"></A><A NAME="dingp32"></A> I've put thousands of links on this CD, so it's natural to worry that after jumping among book
Items, magazine articles, <A HREF="#link" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to bookmarks'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">bookmarks</A> (see below), and
various CD-related documents (such as this one), you'll lose track of where you
are. Relax. The color of the Navigation Area changes depending on where you
are, as does the image at the top of the Navigation Area and the caption
below the image. You'll quickly learn to recognize your surroundings
without even thinking about it.<SCRIPT>create_link(32);</SCRIPT>

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<A NAME="AUTO00024"></A><P>
<A NAME="search"></A><FONT ID="iititle"><A NAME="dingp33"></A>Searching</FONT><SCRIPT>create_link(33);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="dingp34"></A><A NAME="AUTO00025"></A>
There are three ways to search for information on this CD:<SCRIPT>create_link(34);</SCRIPT>

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<A NAME="AUTO00026"></A><A NAME="dingp35"></A><P>
<UL><LI><B>Use the Books' Index.</B> As the sole search mechanism put together by a human (me), it offers your only chance of finding information using terms not specifically located in the text. For example, <script>sendmetoo(43,7778,'E')</SCRIPT> onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Item 43 of Effective C++'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">Item 43 of <I>Effective C++</I></A> discusses how the use of virtual inheritance can increase the size of objects, but it never uses the word &quot;efficiency&quot; in that discussion. Nevertheless, you'll find a link to that material in the index's entry under &quot;efficiency.&quot;<SCRIPT>create_link(35);</SCRIPT>

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<A NAME="AUTO00027"></A><A NAME="dingp36"></A><P>
The primary drawback to the Books' Index is that it references only material in the books. If you're looking for something covered in a magazine article or in this Introduction to the CD, for example, the index won't help you.<SCRIPT>create_link(36);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="AUTO00028"><A NAME="dingp37"></A>
Getting to the Books' Index is always easy. Just click on &quot;Index&quot; in the CD's <A HREF="intro.htm#navigation" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Navigation Area'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">Navigation Area</A>.<SCRIPT>create_link(37);</SCRIPT>

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<A NAME="AUTO00029"></A></A><A NAME="dingp38"></A><P> <LI><B>Use your
browser's search function.</B> Your browser offers a search command for
finding strings in the document it's currently displaying. It even knows
how to do fancy things like let you search for
&quot;<CODE>vector&lt;int&gt;</CODE>&quot; when the underlying HTML
contains &quot;<CODE>vector&amp;lt;int&amp;gt;</CODE>&quot;.
(<CODE>&quot;&lt;&quot;</CODE> and <CODE>&quot;&gt;&quot;</CODE> are
special characters in HTML, so they're encoded as
&quot;<CODE>&amp;lt;</CODE>&quot; and &quot;<CODE>&amp;gt;</CODE>&quot;,
respectively.) More importantly, your browser will highlight the text it
finds, something none of the other search mechanisms can do. Such
highlighting makes it easy to see what you've found.<SCRIPT>create_link(38);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="AUTO00030"></A><A NAME="dingp39"></A>
The big drawback to browser-based searches is that they work on only the current file. It's not practical to put all the information on this CD in a single file, so there's a trade-off to be made. Bigger files support more complete browser-based searches, but the files take longer to load and demand more memory. Smaller files load faster and use less memory, but they yield more limited browser searches. To resolve this dilemma, I decided to let you make the call. This CD contains <I>three copies</I> of each book, each broken down into files of different sizes, and you choose the granularity you like best. For details, see the information below on <A HREF="intro.htm#config" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to configuring your preferences'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">configuring your preferences</A>.<SCRIPT>create_link(39);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="AUTO00031"></A><A NAME="dingp40"></A>
<LI><B>Use the search applet.</B> This CD includes a Java applet that's able to perform full-text searches of the entire disc.  For all the details on using the search applet,
take a look at <A HREF="../HELP/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Search Applet Help'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">its help page</A>. (Please <I>do</I> read the help page.  It contains information
that will affect you.  Honest.)  To invoke the search applet, just click on
"Search" in the CD's <A HREF="#navigation" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Navigation Area'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus">Navigation Area</A>.<SCRIPT>create_link(40);</SCRIPT>

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<P><A NAME="AUTO00033"></A><A NAME="dingp41"></A>
</UL>
Generally speaking, you should use the Books' Index if you want the benefits of a human-compiled index and you know that the information you're looking for is in <A HREF="../EC/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to Effective C++'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>Effective C++</I></A> or <A HREF="../MEC/INDEX.HTM" TARGET="_top" onMouseOver = "self.status = 'Link to More Effective C++'; return true" onMouseOut = "self.status = self.defaultStatus"><I>More Effective C++</I></A>. Use a browser-based search if you know which file contains the information you're looking for and you have a specific string you want to find. Use the search applet if you need to search the entire CD.<SCRIPT>create_link(41);</SCRIPT>

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