vicnl_def.h

超强的大尺度水文模拟工具

/* RCS Id String
 * $Id: vicNl_def.h,v 4.3.2.6 2004/06/17 21:47:48 tbohn Exp $
 */
/***** Version Information *****/
#define VERSION		"VIC Release 4.0.4"

/***** Model Constants *****/
#define MAXSTRING    2048
#define MINSTRING    20
#define HUGE_RESIST  1.e20	/* largest allowable double number */
#define SMALL        1.e-12	/* smallest allowable double number */
#define MISSING      -99999.	/* missing value for multipliers in
				   BINARY format */
#define LITTLE 1		/* little-endian flag */
#define BIG 2			/* big-endian flag */
#define BROOKS 1		/* Brooks-Corey parameters for unsaturated flow
				 */ 
#define ASCII 1			/* met file format flag */
#define BINARY 2		/* met file format flag */

/***** Forcing Variable Types *****/
#define N_FORCING_TYPES 13
#define AIR_TEMP  0  /* air temperature per time step (C) */
#define ALBEDO    1  /* surface albedo (fraction) */
#define DENSITY   2  /* atmospheric density (kg/m^3) */
#define LONGWAVE  3  /* incoming longwave radiation (W/m^2) */
#define PREC      4  /* precipitation (mm) */
#define PRESSURE  5  /* atmospheric pressure (kPa) */
#define SHORTWAVE 6  /* incoming shortwave (W/m^2) */
#define TMAX      7  /* maximum daily temperature (C) */
#define TMIN      8  /* minimum daily temperature (C) */
#define TSKC      9  /* cloud cover (fraction) */
#define VP        10 /* vapor pressure (kPa) */
#define WIND      11 /* wind speed (m/s) */
#define SKIP      12 /* place holder for unused data columns */
		 
/***** Physical Constants *****/
#define BARE_SOIL_ALBEDO 0.2	    /* albedo for bare soil */
#define RESID_MOIST      0.0        /* define residual moisture content 
				       of soil column */
#define ice_density      917.	    /* density of ice (kg/m^3) */
#define T_lapse          6.5        /* tempreature lapse rate of US Std 
				       Atmos in C/km */
#define von_K        0.40	/* Von Karmin constant for evapotranspiration */
#define KELVIN       273.15	/* conversion factor C to K */
#define STEFAN_B     5.6696e-8	/* stefan-boltzmann const in unit W/m^2/K^4 */
#define Lf           3.337e5	/* Latent heat of freezing (J/kg) at 0C */
#define RHO_W        1000.0	/* Density of water (kg/m^3) at 0C */
#define Cp           1004.0	/* Specific heat at constant pressure of air 
				   (J/deg/K) */
#define CH_ICE       2100.0e3	/* Volumetric heat capacity (J/(m3*C)) of ice */

#define SECPHOUR     3600	/* seconds per hour */
#define SNOW_DT       5.0	/* Used to bracket snow surface temperatures
				   while computing the snow surface energy 
				   balance (C) */
#define SURF_DT       1.0	/* Used to bracket soil surface temperatures 
                                   while computing energy balance (C) */
#define SOIL_DT       0.25      /* Used to bracket soil temperatures while
                                   solving the soil thermal flux (C) */
#define HOURSPERDAY   24        /* number of hours per day */
#define HOURSPERYEAR  24*365    /* number of hours per year */

/***** Physical Constraints *****/
#define MINSOILDEPTH 0.001	/* minimum layer depth with which model can
					work (m) */
#define STORM_THRES  0.001      /* thresehold at which a new storm is 
				   decalred */
/***** Define Boolean Values *****/
#ifndef FALSE
#define FALSE 0
#define TRUE !FALSE
#endif

#ifndef WET
#define WET 0
#define DRY 1
#endif

#ifndef SNOW
#define RAIN 0
#define SNOW 1
#endif

#define min(a,b) (a < b) ? a : b
#define max(a,b) (a > b) ? a : b

#include <user_def.h>
#include <snow.h>

#define DAYS_PER_YEAR 365.
#define DtoR 0.017453293	/* degrees to radians */
#ifndef PI
#define PI 3.1415927
#endif
#define STEFAN 5.6696e-8	/* Stefan boltzmann constant */
#define SOLAR_CONSTANT 1400.0	/* Solar constant in W/m^2 */
#define SEC_PER_DAY 86400.	/* seconds per day */

/* define constants for saturated vapor pressure curve (kPa) */
#define A_SVP 0.61078
#define B_SVP 17.269
#define C_SVP 237.3

/* define constants for penman evaporation */
#define CP_PM 1013		/* specific heat of moist air J/kg/C 
				   (Handbook of Hydrology) */
#define PS_PM 101300		/* sea level air pressure in Pa */
#define LAPSE_PM -0.006		/* environmental lapse rate in C/m */

/***** Codes for displaying version information *****/
#define DISP_VERSION 1
#define DISP_COMPILE_TIME 2
#define DISP_ALL 3

/***** VIC model version *****/
extern char *version;

/* global variables */
extern int NR;			/* array index for atmos struct that indicates
				   the model step avarage or sum */
extern int NF;			/* array index loop counter limit for atmos
				   struct that indicates the SNOW_STEP values */

/***** Data Structures *****/

/** file structures **/
typedef struct {
  FILE *forcing[2];     /* atmospheric forcing data files */
  FILE *globalparam;    /* global parameters file */
  FILE *init_snow;      /* snowpack initialization file */
  FILE *init_soil;      /* soil temp and mosit initialization file */
  FILE *snowband;       /* snow elevation band data file */
  FILE *soilparam;      /* soil parameters for all grid cells */
  FILE *veglib;         /* vegetation parameters for all vege types */
  FILE *vegparam;       /* fractional coverage info for grid cell */
  FILE *statefile;      /* initial model state file */
} infiles_struct;

typedef struct {
  FILE *fdepth;
  FILE *fluxes;
  FILE *snow;
  FILE *snowband;
#if SAVE_STATE
  FILE *statefile;
#endif
} outfiles_struct;

typedef struct {
  char  fdepth[MAXSTRING];      /* frozen soils depth (output) */
  char  fluxes[MAXSTRING];      /* grid cell surface fluxes (output) */
  char  forcing[2][MAXSTRING];  /* atmospheric forcing data file names */
  char  global[MAXSTRING];      /* global control file name */
  char  init_state[MAXSTRING];  /* initial model state file name */
  char  result_dir[MAXSTRING];  /* directory where results will be written */
  char  snow[MAXSTRING];        /* snow pack depth and swq (output) */
  char  snow_band[MAXSTRING];   /* snow band parameter file name */
  char  snowband[MAXSTRING];    /* snow band pack depth and swq (output) */
  char  soil[MAXSTRING];        /* soil parameter file name, or name of 
				   file that has a list of all aoil 
				   ARC/INFO files */
  char  soil_dir[MAXSTRING];    /* directory from which to read ARC/INFO 
				   soil files */
  char  veg[MAXSTRING];         /* vegetation grid coverage file */
  char  veglib[MAXSTRING];      /* vegetation parameter library file */
} filenames_struct;

typedef struct {
  char   ARC_SOIL;       /* TRUE = use ARC/INFO gridded ASCII files for soil 
			    parameters*/
  char   BINARY_OUTPUT;  /* TRUE = output files are in binary, not ASCII */
  char   BINARY_STATE_FILE; /* TRUE = model state file is binary (default) */
  char   COMPRESS;       /* TRUE = Compress all output files */
  char   COMPUTE_TREELINE; // TRUE = Determine treeline and exclude overstory
                           // vegetation from higher elevations
  char   CORRPREC;       /* TRUE = correct precipitation for gage undercatch */
  char   DIST_PRCP;      /* TRUE = Use distributed precipitation model */
  char   FROZEN_SOIL;    /* TRUE = Use frozen soils code */
  char   FULL_ENERGY;    /* TRUE = Use full energy code */
  char   GLOBAL_LAI;     /* TRUE = read LAI values for each vegetation type
			    from the veg param file */
  char   GRND_FLUX;      /* TRUE = compute ground heat flux and energy 
			    balance */
  char   INIT_STATE;     /* TRUE = initialize model state from file */
  char   MOISTFRACT;     /* TRUE = output soil moisture as moisture content */
  char   NOFLUX;         /* TRUE = Use no flux lower bondary when computing 
			    soil thermal fluxes */
  char   PRT_SNOW_BAND;  /* TRUE = print snow parameters for each snow band */
  char   QUICK_FLUX;     /* TRUE = Use Liang et al., 1999 formulation for
			    ground heat flux, if FALSE use explicit finite
			    difference method */
  float  MIN_WIND_SPEED; /* Minimum wind speed in m/s that can be used by 
			    the model. **/
  float  PREC_EXPT;      /* Exponential that controls the fraction of a
			    grid cell that receives rain during a storm
			    of given intensity */
  int    AboveTreelineVeg; // Default veg type to use above treeline
                           // Negative number indicates bare soil.
  int    GRID_DECIMAL;   /* Number of decimal places in grid file extensions */
  int    Nlayer;         /* Number of layers in model */
  int    Nnode;          /* Number of soil thermal nodes in the model */
  int    ROOT_ZONES;     /* Number of root zones used in simulation */
  int    SNOW_BAND;      /* Number of elevation bands over which to solve the 
			    snow model */
  int    SNOW_STEP;      /* Time step in hours to use when solving the 
			    snow model */
  char   ARNO_PARAMS;    /* FALSE: read Ds, Dm, Ws, c; TRUE: read d1, d2, d3, d4 */
  char   JULY_TAVG_SUPPLIED; /* If TRUE and COMPUTE_TREELINE is also true,
			        then average July air temperature will be read
				from soil file and used in calculating treeline */
} option_struct;

#if LINK_DEBUG

typedef struct {
  FILE    *fg_balance;
  FILE    *fg_energy;
  FILE    *fg_grid;
  FILE    *fg_kappa;
  FILE    *fg_modelstep_atmos;
  FILE    *fg_moist;
  FILE    *fg_snow;
  FILE    *fg_snowstep_atmos;
  FILE    *fg_temp;
  char     DEBUG;
  char     PRT_ATMOS;