📄 rfc2731.txt
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文档提供者应该保有一份单独的文档模板，保存很少改变的预设值和元数据元素如果用户的需要非常简单，两份文档除了标题之外都相同，那么这些元素就能自动生成。使用该脚本程序，这些元数据的值可以向变量那样在模板或者HTML文档中引用。变量的引用形式类似于“(--mbVARNAME)”，模板中的格式如下：
<title> (--mbtitle) </title>
<meta name = "DC.Creator"
content = "Simpson, Homer">
<meta name = "DC.Title"
content = "(--mbtitle)">
<meta name = "DC.Date.Created"
content = "(--mbfilemodtime)">
<meta name = "DC.Identifier"
content = "(--mbbaseURL)/(--mbfilename)">
<meta name = "DC.Format"
content = "text/html; (--mbfilesize)">
<meta name = "DC.Language"
content = "(--mblanguage)-BUREAUCRATESE">
<meta name = "RC.MetadataAuthority"
content = "Springfield Nuclear">
<link rel = "schema.DC"
href = "http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/">
<link rel = "schema.RC"
href = "http://nukes.org/ReactorCore/rc">
只要把其中的变量引用代入实际值，上面的模板就可作为描述文档的元数据块。 根据我们的脚本，下述变量要同时在模板和文档中替换：
(--mbfilesize) size of the final output file
(--mbtitle) title of the document
(--mblanguage) language of the document
(--mbbaseURL) beginning part of document identifier
(--mbfilename) last part (minus .html) of identifier
(--mbfilemodtime) last modification date of the document
这是一个应用该脚本的HTML文档：
<html>
<head>
<!--metablock Nutritional Allocation Increase -->
<meta name = "DC.Type"
content = "Memorandum">
</head>
<body>
<p>
From: Acting Shift Supervisor
To: Plant Control Personnel
RE: (--mbtitle)
Date: (--mbfilemodtime)
<p>
Pursuant to directive DOH:10.2001/405aec of article B-2022,
subsection 48.2.4.4.1c regarding staff morale and employee
productivity standards, the current allocation of doughnut
acquisition funds shall be increased effective immediately.
</body>
</html>
由于替换在整个文档范围内进行，作者只要输入标题一次就可以了（通常标题要在首部和HTML文档体内输入两次）。运行脚本程序后，上面的文件就被转换成：
<html>
<head>
<title> Nutritional Allocation Increase </title>
<meta name = "DC.Creator"
content = "Simpson, Homer">
<meta name = "DC.Title"
content = "Nutritional Allocation Increase">
<meta name = "DC.Date.Created"
content = "1999-03-08">
<meta name = "DC.Identifier"
content = "http://moes.bar.com/doh/homer.html">
<meta name = "DC.Format"
content = "text/html; 1320 bytes">
<meta name = "DC.Language"
content = "en-BUREAUCRATESE">
<meta name = "RC.MetadataAuthority"
content = "Springfield Nuclear">
<link rel = "schema.DC"
href = "http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/">
<link rel = "schema.RC"
href = "http://nukes.org/ReactorCore/rc">
<meta name = "DC.Type"
content = "Memorandum">
</head>
<body>
<p>
From: Acting Shift Supervisor
To: Plant Control Personnel
RE: Nutritional Allocation Increase
Date: 1999-03-08
<p>
Pursuant to directive DOH:10.2001/405aec of article B-2022,
subsection 48.2.4.4.1c regarding staff morale and employee
productivity standards, the current allocation of doughnut
acquisition funds shall be increased effective immediately.
</body>
</html>
下面是完成这一转换过程的脚本：
#!/depot/bin/perl
#
# This Perl script processes metadata block declarations of the form
# <!--metablock TITLE_OF_DOCUMENT --> and variable references of the
# form (--mbVARNAME), replacing them with full metadata blocks and
# variable values, respectively. Requires a "template" file.
# Outputs an HTML file.
#
# Invoke this script with a single filename argument, "foo". It creates
# an output file "foo.html" using a temporary working file "foo.work".
# The size of foo.work is measured after variable replacement, and is
# later inserted into the file in such a way that the file's size does
# not change in the process. Has little or no error checking.
$infile = shift;
open(IN, "< $infile")
or die("Could not open input file \"$infile\"");
$workfile = "$infile.work";
unlink($workfile);
open(WORK, "+> $workfile")
or die("Could not open work file \"$workfile\"");
@offsets = (); # records locations for late size replacement
$title = ""; # gets the title during metablock processing
$language = "en"; # pre-set language here (not in the template)
$baseURL = "http://moes.bar.com/doh"; # pre-set base URL here also
$filename = "$infile.html"; # final output filename
$filesize = "(--mbfilesize)"; # replaced late (separate pass)
($year, $month, $day) = (localtime( (stat IN) [9] ))[5, 4, 3];
$filemodtime = sprintf "%s-%02s-%02s", 1900 + $year, 1 + $month, $day;
sub putout { # outputs current line with variable replacement
if (! /\(--mb/) {
print WORK;
return;
}
if (/\(--mbfilesize\)/) # remember where it was
{ push @offsets, tell WORK; } # but don't replace yet
s/\(--mbtitle\)/$title/g;
s/\(--mblanguage\)/$language/g;
s/\(--mbbaseURL\)/$baseURL/g;
s/\(--mbfilename\)/$filename/g;
s/\(--mbfilemodtime\)/$filemodtime/g;
print WORK;
}
while (<IN>) { # main loop for input file
if (! /(.*)<!--metablock\s*(.*)/) {
&putout;
next;
}
$title = $2;
$_ = $1;
&putout;
if ($title =~ s/\s*-->(.*)//) {
$remainder = $1;
}
else {
while (<IN>) {
$title .= $_;
last if (/(.*)\s*-->(.*)/);
}
$title .= $1;
$remainder = $2;
}
open(TPLATE, "< template")
or die("Could not open template file");
while (<TPLATE>) # subloop for template file
{ &putout; }
close(TPLATE);
$_ = $remainder;
&putout;
}
close(IN);
# Now replace filesize variables without altering total byte count.
select( (select(WORK), $| = 1) [0] ); # first flush output so we
if (($size = -s WORK) < 100000) # can get final file size
{ $scale = 0; } # and set scale factor or
else { # compute it, keeping width of size field low
for ($scale = 0; $size >= 1000; $scale++)
{ $size /= 1024; }
}
$filesize = sprintf "%7.7s %sbytes",
$size, (" ", "K", "M", "G", "T", "P") [$scale];
foreach $pos (@offsets) { # loop through saved size locations
seek WORK, $pos, 0; # read the line found there
$_ = <WORK>;
# $filesize must be exactly as wide as "(--mbfilesize)"
s/\(--mbfilesize\)/$filesize/g;
seek WORK, $pos, 0; # rewrite it with replacement
print WORK;
}
close(WORK);
rename($workfile, "$filename")
or die("Could not rename \"$workfile\" to \"$filename\"");
# ---- end of Perl script ----
10. 作者地址
John A. Kunze
Center for Knowledge Management
University of California, San Francisco
530 Parnassus Ave, Box 0840
San Francisco, CA 94143-0840, USA
Fax: +1 415-476-4653
EMail: jak@ckm.ucsf.edu
11、参考资料
[AAT]Art and Architecture Thesaurus, Getty Information Institute.
http://shiva.pub.getty.edu/aat_browser/
[AC]The A-Core: Metadata about Content Metadata, (inprogress)
http://metadata.net/ac/draft-iannella-admin-01.txt
[DC1]Weibel, S., Kunze, J., Lagoze, C. and M. Wolf,"Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery", RFC 2413, September 1998.
ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2413.txt
[DCHOME]Dublin Core Initiative Home Page.
http://purl.org/DC/
[DCPROJECTS]Projects Using Dublin Core Metadata.
http://purl.org/DC/projects/index.htm
[DCT1]Dublin Core Type List 1, DC Type Working Group, March 1999.
http://www.loc.gov/marc/typelist.html
[freeWAIS-sf2.0] The enhanced freeWAIS distribution, February 1999.
http://ls6-www.cs.uni-dortmund.de/ir/projects/freeWAIS-sf/
[GLIMPSE]Glimpse Home Page.
http://glimpse.cs.arizona.edu/
[HARVEST]Harvest Web Indexing.
http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/harvest/
[HTML4.0]Hypertext Markup Language 4.0 Specification, April 1998.
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/
[ISEARCH]Isearch Resources Page.
http://www.etymon.com/Isearch/
[ISO639-2]Code for the representation of names of languages, 1996.
http://www.indigo.ie/egt/standards/iso639/iso639-2-en.html
[ISO8601]ISO 8601:1988(E), Data elements and interchange formats -- Information interchange - Representation of dates and times, International Organization for standardization, June 1988.
http://www.iso.ch/markete/8601.pdf
[MARC]USMARC Format for Bibliographic Data, US Library of Congress.
http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/marc.html
[PERL]L. Wall, T. Christiansen, R. Schwartz, Programming Perl, Second Edition, O'Reilly, 1996.
[RDF]Resource Description Framework Model and Syntax Specification, February 1999.
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/
[RFC1766]Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages", RFC 1766, March 1996.
ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1766.txt
[SWISH-E]Simple Web Indexing System for Humans - Enhanced.
http://sunsite.Berkeley.EDU/SWISH-E/
[TGN]Thesaurus of Geographic Names, Getty Information Institute.
http://shiva.pub.getty.edu/tgn_browser/
[WTN8601]W3C Technical Note - Profile of ISO 8601 Date and Time Formats.
http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
[XML]Extensible Markup Language (XML).
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml
12、版权声明
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society.
RFC2731--Encoding Dublin Core Metadata in HTML 在HTML中使用DC元数据
RFC文档中文翻译计划
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