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<html><head><title>ASCII Character Set (UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition)</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/style1.css" /><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Arnold Robbins" /><meta name="DC.Format" content="text/xml" scheme="MIME" /><meta name="DC.Language" content="en-US" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc." /><meta name="DC.Source" scheme="ISBN" content="1-56592-427-4" /><meta name="DC.Subject.Keyword" content="stuff" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Monograph" /></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="gifs/smbanner.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border="0" alt="Book Home" /><map name="banner-map"><area shape="rect" coords="1,-2,616,66" href="index.htm" alt="Book Title" /><area shape="rect" coords="629,-11,726,25" href="jobjects/fsearch.htm" alt="Search this book" /></map><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="part5.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228" /><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="appb_01.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr></table></div><h1 class="chapter">Appendix A. ASCII Character Set</h1><p><a name="unut-ap-a-ix-ascii-character-set" /><a name="unut-ap-a-ix-characters-ascii-character-set" /><a name="unut-ap-a-ix-text-ascii-character-set" />This appendix presents the set of ASCII characters, along withtheir equivalent values in decimal, octal, and hexadecimal.The first table shows nonprinting characters; it's useful when you need to represent nonprintingcharacters in some printed form, such as octal. For example,the <tt class="literal">echo</tt> and <tt class="literal">tr</tt> commands let you specify characters usingoctal values of the form \<em class="emphasis">nnn</em>. Also, the <tt class="literal">od</tt> command candisplay nonprinting characters in a variety of forms.</p><p>The second table shows printing characters. This table isuseful when using the previous commands, but also whenspecifying a range of characters in a pattern-matching construct.</p><a name="unut-ap-a-tab-1" /><h4 class="objtitle">Table A-1. Nonprinting Characters</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><th>Decimal</th><th>Octal</th><th>Hex</th><th>Character</th><th>Remark</th></tr><tr><td>0</td><td>000</td><td>00</td><td>CTRL-@</td><td>NUL (Null prompt)</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>001</td><td>01</td><td>CTRL-A</td><td>SOH (Start of heading)</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>002</td><td>02</td><td>CTRL-B</td><td>STX (Start of text)</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>003</td><td>03</td><td>CTRL-C</td><td>ETX (End of text)</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>004</td><td>04</td><td>CTRL-D</td><td>EOT (End of transmission)</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>005</td><td>05</td><td>CTRL-E</td><td>ENQ (Enquiry)</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>006</td><td>06</td><td>CTRL-F</td><td>ACK (Acknowledge)</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>007</td><td>07</td><td>CTRL-G</td><td>BEL (Bell)</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>010</td><td>08</td><td>CTRL-H</td><td>BS (Backspace)</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>011</td><td>09</td><td>CTRL-I</td><td>HT (Horizontal tab)</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>012</td><td>0A</td><td>CTRL-J</td><td>LF (Linefeed)</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>013</td><td>0B</td><td>CTRL-K</td><td>VT (Vertical tab)</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>014</td><td>0C</td><td>CTRL-L</td><td>FF (Formfeed)</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>015</td><td>0D</td><td>CTRL-M</td><td>CR (Carriage return)</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>016</td><td>0E</td><td>CTRL-N</td><td>SO (Shift out)</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>017</td><td>0F</td><td>CTRL-O</td><td>SI (Shift in)</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>020</td><td>10</td><td>CTRL-P</td><td>DLE (Data link escape)</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>021</td><td>11</td><td>CTRL-Q</td><td>DC1 (XON)</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>022</td><td>12</td><td>CTRL-R</td><td>DC2</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>023</td><td>13</td><td>CTRL-S</td><td>DC3 (XOFF)</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>024</td><td>14</td><td>CTRL-T</td><td>DC4</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>025</td><td>15</td><td>CTRL-U</td><td>NAK (Negative acknowledge)</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>026</td><td>16</td><td>CTRL-V</td><td>SYN (Synchronous idle)</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>027</td><td>17</td><td>CTRL-W</td><td>ETB (End transmission blocks)</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>030</td><td>18</td><td>CTRL-X</td><td>CAN (Cancel)</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>031</td><td>19</td><td>CTRL-Y</td><td>EM (End of medium)</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>032</td><td>1A</td><td>CTRL-Z</td><td>SUB (Substitute)</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>033</td><td>1B</td><td>CTRL-[</td><td>ESC (Escape)</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>034</td><td>1C</td><td>CTRL-\</td><td>FS (File separator)</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>035</td><td>1D</td><td>CTRL-]</td><td>GS (Group separator)</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>036</td><td>1E</td><td>CTRL-^</td><td>RS (Record separator)</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>037</td><td>1F</td><td>CTRL-_</td><td>US (Unit separator)</td></tr><tr><td>127</td><td>177</td><td>7F</td><td> </td><td>DEL (Delete or rubout)</td></tr></table><p><a name="unut-ap-a-tab-2" /><h4 class="objtitle">Table A-2. Printing Characters</h4><table border="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><th>Decimal</th><th>Octal</th><th>Hex</th><th>Character</th><th>Remark</th></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>040</td><td>20</td><td> </td><td>Space</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>041</td><td>21</td><td><tt class="literal">!</tt></td><td>Exclamation point</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>042</td><td>22</td><td><tt class="literal">"</tt></td><td>Double quote</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>043</td><td>23</td><td>#</td><td>Pound sign</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>044</td><td>24</td><td>$</td><td>Dollar sign</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>045</td><td>25</td><td>%</td><td>Percent sign</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>046</td><td>26</td><td>&</td><td>Ampersand</td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>047</td><td>27</td><td><tt class="literal">'</tt></td><td>Apostrophe</td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>050</td><td>28</td><td>(</td><td>Left parenthesis</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>051</td><td>29</td><td>)</td><td>Right parenthesis</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>052</td><td>2A</td><td>*</td><td>Asterisk</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>053</td><td>2B</td><td>+</td><td>Plus sign </td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>054</td><td>2C</td><td><tt class="literal">,</tt></td><td>Comma </td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>055</td><td>2D</td><td>–</td><td>Hyphen </td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td>056</td><td>2E</td><td><tt class="literal">.</tt></td><td>Period </td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>057</td><td>2F</td><td>/</td><td>Slash</td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td>060</td><td>30</td><td>0 </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>061</td><td>31</td><td>1 </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>062</td><td>32</td><td>2</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td>063</td><td>33</td><td>3</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>52</td><td>064</td><td>34</td><td>4</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>065</td><td>35</td><td>5</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>066</td><td>36</td><td>6</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>067</td><td>37</td><td>7</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>56</td><td>070</td><td>38</td><td>8</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>071</td><td>39</td><td>9</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>072</td><td>3A</td><td><tt class="literal">:</tt></td><td>Colon</td></tr><tr><td>59</td><td>073</td><td>3B</td><td><tt class="literal">;</tt></td><td>Semicolon</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>074</td><td>3C</td><td><</td><td>Left angle bracket</td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>075</td><td>3D</td><td>=</td><td>Equal sign</td></tr><tr><td>62</td><td>076</td><td>3E</td><td>></td><td>Right angle bracket </td></tr><tr><td>63</td><td>077</td><td>3F</td><td>?</td><td>Question mark </td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>100</td><td>40</td><td>@</td><td>At sign </td></tr><tr><td>65</td><td>101</td><td>41</td><td>A </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>66</td><td>102</td><td>42</td><td>B </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>67</td><td>103</td><td>43</td><td>C </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>68</td><td>104</td><td>44</td><td>D </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td>105</td><td>45</td><td>E </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>70</td><td>106</td><td>46</td><td>F </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td>107</td><td>47</td><td>G </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>72</td><td>110</td><td>48</td><td>H </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>73</td><td>111</td><td>49</td><td>I </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>74</td><td>112</td><td>4A</td><td>J </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>75</td><td>113</td><td>4B</td><td>K </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>76</td><td>114</td><td>4C</td><td>L </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>77</td><td>115</td><td>4D</td><td>M </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>78</td><td>116</td><td>4E</td><td>N </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>79</td><td>117</td><td>4F</td><td>O </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>80</td><td>120</td><td>50</td><td>P </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>81</td><td>121</td><td>51</td><td>Q </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>82</td><td>122</td><td>52</td><td>R </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>83</td><td>123</td><td>53</td><td>S </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>84</td><td>124</td><td>54</td><td>T </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>85</td><td>125</td><td>55</td><td>U</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>126</td><td>56</td><td>V</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>87</td><td>127</td><td>57</td><td>W</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>88</td><td>130</td><td>58</td><td>X</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>89</td><td>131</td><td>59</td><td>Y</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>90</td><td>132</td><td>5A</td><td>Z</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>91</td><td>133</td><td>5B</td><td>[</td><td>Left square bracket</td></tr><tr><td>92</td><td>134</td><td>5C</td><td>\</td><td>Backslash</td></tr><tr><td>93</td><td>135</td><td>5D</td><td>]</td><td>Right square bracket</td></tr><tr><td>94</td><td>136</td><td>5E</td><td>^</td><td>Caret</td></tr><tr><td>95</td><td>137</td><td>5F</td><td>_</td><td>Underscore</td></tr><tr><td>96</td><td>140</td><td>60</td><td><tt class="literal">‘</tt></td><td>Back quote</td></tr><tr><td>97</td><td>141</td><td>61</td><td>a</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>98</td><td>142</td><td>62</td><td>b</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>99</td><td>143</td><td>63</td><td>c</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>100</td><td>144</td><td>64</td><td>d</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>101</td><td>145</td><td>65</td><td>e</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>102</td><td>146</td><td>66</td><td>f</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>103</td><td>147</td><td>67</td><td>g</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>104</td><td>150</td><td>68</td><td>h</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>105</td><td>151</td><td>69</td><td>i </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>106</td><td>152</td><td>6A</td><td>j </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>107</td><td>153</td><td>6B</td><td>k </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>154</td><td>6C</td><td>l </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>109</td><td>155</td><td>6D</td><td>m </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>110</td><td>156</td><td>6E</td><td>n </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>111</td><td>157</td><td>6F</td><td>o </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>112</td><td>160</td><td>70</td><td>p </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>113</td><td>161</td><td>71</td><td>q </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>114</td><td>162</td><td>72</td><td>r </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>115</td><td>163</td><td>73</td><td>s </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>116</td><td>164</td><td>74</td><td>t</td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>117</td><td>165</td><td>75</td><td>u </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>118</td><td>166</td><td>76</td><td>v </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>119</td><td>167</td><td>77</td><td>w </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>170</td><td>78</td><td>x </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>121</td><td>171</td><td>79</td><td>y </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>122</td><td>172</td><td>7A</td><td>z </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>123</td><td>173</td><td>7B</td><td>{</td><td>Left curly brace </td></tr><tr><td>124</td><td>174</td><td>7C</td><td>|</td><td>Vertical bar </td></tr><tr><td>125</td><td>175</td><td>7D</td><td>}</td><td>Right curly brace </td></tr><tr><td>126</td><td>176</td><td>7E</td><td><tt class="literal">~</tt> 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