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<html><head><title>Conventions (UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition)</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/style1.css" /><meta name="DC.Creator" content="Arnold Robbins" /><meta name="DC.Format" content="text/xml" scheme="MIME" /><meta name="DC.Language" content="en-US" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc." /><meta name="DC.Source" scheme="ISBN" content="1-56592-427-4" /><meta name="DC.Subject.Keyword" content="stuff" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="UNIX in a Nutshell: System V Edition" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Monograph" /></head><body bgcolor="#ffffff"><img src="gifs/smbanner.gif" usemap="#banner-map" border="0" alt="Book Home" /><map name="banner-map"><area shape="rect" coords="1,-2,616,66" href="index.htm" alt="Book Title" /><area shape="rect" coords="629,-11,726,25" href="jobjects/fsearch.htm" alt="Search this book" /></map><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch00_02.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228" /><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch00_04.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr></table></div><h2 class="sect1">0.3. Conventions</h2><p>This book follows certain typographic conventions, outlined below:</p><dl><dt><tt class="literal">Constant width</tt></dt><dd>is used for directory names, filenames, commands, program names,functions, and options. All terms shown in constant width are typed literally.It is alsoused to show the contents of files or the output from commands.</p></dd><dt><i><tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>Constant width italic</tt></em></tt></i></dt><dd>is used in syntax and command summariesto show generic text; these should bereplaced with user-supplied values.</p></dd><dt><tt class="userinput"><b>Constant width bold</b></tt></dt><dd>is used in examples to show text that should be typed literally by the user.</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">Italic</em></tt></i></dt><dd>is used to show generic arguments and options; these should be replaced withuser-supplied values. Italic is also used to indicate URLs, macropackage names, comments in examples, and the first mention of terms.</p></dd><dt><tt class="literal">%</tt>, <tt class="literal">$</tt>, <tt class="literal">#</tt></dt><dd>are used in some examples as the C shell prompt (<tt class="literal">%</tt>) andas the Bourne shell or Korn shell prompt(<tt class="literal">$</tt>). <tt class="literal">#</tt> is the prompt for the<tt class="literal">root</tt> user.</p></dd><dt><tt class="literal">?</tt>, <tt class="literal">></tt></dt><dd>are used in some examples as the C shell secondary prompt (<tt class="literal">?</tt>) andas the Bourne shell or Korn shell secondary prompt (<tt class="literal">></tt>).</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">program</em></tt>(<em class="emphasis">N</em></tt>)</i></dt><dd>indicates the “manpage” for <em class="emphasis">program</em></tt>in section <em class="emphasis">N</em></tt> of the online manual.For example, <em class="emphasis">echo</em></tt>(1) means the entryfor the <tt class="literal">echo</tt> command.</p></dd><dt><tt class="literal">[ ]</tt></dt><dd>surround optional elements in a description of syntax.(The brackets themselves should never be typed.)Note that many commands show the argument [<em class="emphasis">files</em>]. If a filename is omitted, standard input (usually the keyboard) is assumed. End keyboard input with an end-of-file character.</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">EOF</em></tt></i></dt><dd><a name="IXT-0-121770" /><a name="IXT-0-121771" />indicates the end-of-file character (normally <tt class="literal">CTRL-D</tt>).</p></dd><dt><tt class="literal">^</tt><tt><em class="replaceable">x</em></tt>, <tt class="literal">CTRL-</tt><tt><em class="replaceable">x</em></tt></dt><dd>indicates a “control character,”typed by holding down the Control key and the <em class="emphasis">x</em>key for any key <em class="emphasis">x</em>.</p></dd><dt><i><em class="emphasis">|</em></tt></i></dt><dd>is used in syntax descriptions to separate itemsfor which only one alternative may be chosen at a time.</p></dd><dt><i><img src="figs/U2192.gif" alt="Figure " /></i></dt><dd>is used at the bottom of a right-hand page to show that the currententry continues on the next page. The continuation is marked by a <img src="figs/U2190.gif" alt="Figure " />.</p></dd></dl><p><a name="IXT-0-121772" /><a name="IXT-0-121773" />A final word about syntax. In many cases, the space between an optionand its argument can be omitted. In other cases, the spacing (or lack ofspacing) must be followed strictly. For example,<tt class="literal">-w</tt><em class="replaceable"><tt>n</tt></em>(no intervening space) might be interpreted differently from<tt class="literal">-w</tt> <em class="replaceable"><tt>n</tt></em>. It's important to notice the spacing used in option syntax.</p><hr width="684" align="left" /><div class="navbar"><table width="684" border="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch00_02.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtpreva.gif" alt="Previous" border="0" /></a></td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228"><a href="index.htm"><img src="../gifs/txthome.gif" alt="Home" border="0" /></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="228"><a href="ch00_04.htm"><img src="../gifs/txtnexta.gif" alt="Next" border="0" /></a></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="228">0.2. Scope of This Book</td><td align="center" valign="top" width="228"><a href="index/index.htm"><img src="../gifs/index.gif" alt="Book Index" border="0" /></a></td><td align="right" valign="top" width="228">0.4. How to Contact Us</td></tr></table></div><hr width="684" align="left" /><img src="../gifs/navbar.gif" usemap="#library-map" border="0" alt="Library Navigation Links" /><p><font size="-1"><a href="copyrght.htm">Copyright © 2003</a> O'Reilly & Associates. All rights reserved.</font></p><map name="library-map"><area shape="rect" coords="1,0,88,96" href="../index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="90,0,165,96" href="../upt/index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="168,1,253,107" href="../mac/index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="255,0,335,97" href="../korn/index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="337,0,415,109" href="../unixnut/index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="417,0,512,122" href="../sedawk/index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="514,0,605,105" href="../lunix/index.htm"><area shape="rect" coords="611,2,694,121" href="../vi/index.htm"></map></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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